散养条件下北京油鸡产蛋期行为谱及活动特征

Behavioral Profile and Activity Characteristics of Egg-laying Beijing You Chicken under Free-range Condition

试验旨在研究散养条件下北京油鸡产蛋期行为谱及活动特征。选取600只38周龄北京油鸡(公鸡86只,母鸡514只,公母比例约1∶6)进行观察。采用摄像机录像和现场观察相结合的方法,每天设置6个时间段(6∶30~7∶30、9∶30~10∶30、12∶30~13∶30、15∶30~16∶30、18∶30~19∶30、21∶30~22∶30)进行个体和群体记录,连续3周,每周3 d。结果显示:在蛋鸡基本行为谱(21种)基础上,补充并重新定义,建立了散养北京油鸡产蛋期行为谱,包括41种行为,并根据其生物学功能分为8类;鸡只行为活动具有明显的性别特征;不同时间段所观察行为发生比例显著不同;散养油鸡白天行为活动中基本维持行为、运动行为和修饰行为发生较高,夜间主要为睡眠,昼夜活动受光照和人为管理影响很大,尤其是照明时间和饲喂时间;鸡群中出现争配行为可能与散养鸡群中公鸡数量和比例较高有关。建议今后饲养中注意鸡舍光照和饲喂时间,以及散养鸡群中公鸡的合适数量和比例。

The paper aimed to study the behavioral profile and activity characteristics of egg-laying Beijing You chicken(BYC) under free-range condition. A flock of 600 38-week-age BYC chickens(86 roosters, 514 hens, male to female ratio about 1∶6) was selected for observation. Using the method of video recording combining on-site observation,6 time periods(6∶30 to 7∶30, 9∶30 to 10∶30, 12∶30 to 13∶30, 15∶30 to 16∶30, 18∶30 to 19∶30, 21∶30 to 22∶30)were arranged to observe the birds every day.Individuals and groups were observed and recorded for 3 consecutive weeks,3 days per week. The results were the following: after supplementing and redefining the basic behavioral profile of laying hens(21 kinds), a new behavioral profile for the egg-laying BYC was established, including 41 kinds of behaviors;Eight categories were preliminarily classified according to the biological functions;The behavioral activity of chicken had obvious gender characteristics, the proportion of the observed behaviors was significantly different at different time periods;The basic maintenance behavior, locomotor behavior and modification behavior occurred relatively high in free-ranged BYC at daytime, while sleeping occurred mainly at night;The daily activities were affected by the lighting and human management, especially the lighting and feeding time. The occurrence of scrambling for mating may have to do with the big number and high proportion of roosters in this flock. It was suggested to pay attention to the lighting and feeding time in the house, and the appropriate number and proportion of roosters in the free-range chickens.