善意取得中善意要件的证明责任研究

On the proof burden of the elements of bona fides in the system of bona fide acquisition

《中华人民共和国物权法》第106条规定了善意取得制度,但是条文较为简略,对于善意要件的证明责任问题没有作出明文规定,由此引发了实务中的乱象以及学界的争议。证明责任的确定,实际上是实体法规范的解释问题,需要回到法学方法论的立场进行思辨。法律解释有文义、体系、历史、目的解释四种方法,对于善意取得制度,应当按照现代法解释学以规范目的为核心,其他三种为辅助的方法论进行法律解释。善意取得制度之规范目的更侧重于保护交易安全,再结合证明责任分配领域权威的罗森贝克的规范说,让善意取得中的原权利人承担受让人善意的证明责任,是最为契合规范目的之选择。

Article 106 of The Property Law of the People′s Republic of China stipulates the system of acquisition in bona fides,but the articles are relatively simple,and there is no clear stipulation on the burden of proof of the elements of bona fides,which leads to confusion in practice and controversy in academia.The determination of burden of proof is actually the interpretation of substantive law norms,which needs to return to the position of legal methodology for speculation.There are four methods of legal interpretation:literal,systematic,historical and objective.For the system of acquisition in bona fides,legal interpretation should be carried out according to the modern legal hermeneutics with normative purpose as the core and other three methods as the auxiliary.The standard purpose of bona fide acquisition system is more focused on the protection of transaction security,combined with the standard theory of rosenbeck,the authority in the field of distribution of burden of proof,it is the most appropriate choice to let the original obligee in bona fide acquisition bear the burden of proof of the transferee in bona fides.