1956—1966年中国共产党执政忧患意识的发展与嬗变

On the Development and Evolution of the Chinese Communist Party’s Awareness of Potential Dangers for Governance from 1956 to 1966

社会主义改造基本完成后,从1956至1966年,中国共产党的执政忧患意识可以说科学与错误并存。中国共产党关于社会主义制度巩固之忧、执政党建设之忧和中国国家安全之忧在发展中嬗变。一方面,以科学忧患观为指导,在探索社会主义建设道路上形成的对中国国情和执政规律清醒认识的正确忧患意识;另一方面,脱离中国国情和实际,偏离科学忧患观轨道,将一定范围内存在的阶级斗争问题扩大化、绝对化而形成的错位忧患意识。这两种趋向的忧患意识同时存在,并且后者在发展中日趋加重,逐渐占了上风。

During the 10 years from 1956 to 1966 after the completion of the socialist transformation,the Chinese Communist Party had undergone both correct understanding and errors in terms of its awareness of potential dangers for governance,developing with twists and turns.Its concerns about the consolidation of the socialist system,the construction of the ruling party,and national security had undergone changes in development.On the one hand,guided by the scientific outlook on potential dangers,the Party adopted a rational awareness of potential dangers based on a clear understanding of the dimension of the Chinese context and the laws for governance in its explorations in the construction of a socialist China;on the other hand,divorced from China’s national conditions and reality,from the scientific outlook on potential dangers,it upheld a misplaced awareness of potential dangers by overgeneralizing and overestimating the issues of class struggle.The two tendencies coexisted,with the latter becoming increasingly intense and gradually gaining the upper hand.