我国老年人口“精神赡养”的图景勾勒及支持系统构建——基于“年轻人-老年人”综合调查视角

A Study of the Existing“Spiritual Support”for the Elderly in China and the Construction of a Support System Based on a Comprehensive“Young People─Old People”Questionnaire Survey

“精神赡养”是养老的“高级”要求。为了解目前我国老年人口“精神赡养”具体情况,通过制定针对“年轻人-老年人”的调查问卷进行实证研究。探究出我国老年人口“精神赡养”存在的典型问题:“精神赡养”认知“模糊化”、孝道观念“去情化”、供给管道“狭窄化”、保障体系“脆弱化”。继而提出以“老年人口自我精神慰藉为基础、家庭子辈精神赡养为支撑、社区养老机构精神赡养为补充、国家社会精神赡养为保障”的“四位一体”支持系统。

“Spiritual support”is a high-level requirement for the elderly care.In order to understand the current situation of“spiritual support”for the elderly population in China,this empirical research carries out a“young people─old people”questionnaire survey to reveal the typical problems of“spiritual support”for the elderly in China,including“fuzzy”cognition of spiritual support,weakening conception of filial piety,poor supply channels and a fragile security system.It finally proposes a“four-in-one”support system,which is based on the spiritual self-reliance of the elderly,supported by the spiritual support of the family and children,supplemented by the spiritual support of community institutions and guaranteed by the government.