“楚玙”与“鲁玙”:朱舜水的家国之思——兼及前近代东亚海域世界的“境界人”问题

Chu Yu(楚玙)and Lu Yu(鲁玙):Zhu Shunshui(朱舜水)'s Thinking of Hometown and Country

朱舜水的“字”是“楚玙”还是“鲁玙”,是学界争论已久的一个问题。从朱舜水兄弟三人名字的逻辑性来看,他最初预设的“字”应该是“叔玙”。由于家庭变故原因他最后选择了“楚玙”,直至德川光圀征召前夕,才改字为“鲁玙”。不过,朱舜水的改“字”,并不意味着对“楚玙”的彻底摒弃,而是字“鲁”存“楚”。“楚玙”寄托“乡愁”,“鲁玙”含蕴“国念”,这种“家国之思”正是朱舜水“思明衷情”的一种展露,也是其“境界人”之“国家”意识的一种隐性表达。从这点来说,前近代东亚海域世界“境界人”之国家意识淡薄的言说,确实有进一步检讨的必要。过于强调“境界人”的自我意识,在一定程度上忽视了海洋故事多是陆地问题的一种延伸,以及前近代东亚海域“境界人”形成的复杂性。

It has been a controversial issue for a long time in academic circles that Zhu Shunshui's(朱舜水)Zi(字,another appellation except for one's name)is Chu Yu(楚玙)or Lu Yu(鲁玙).From the logic of naming of his brothers,Zhu Shunshui's original Zi ought to be Shu Yu(叔玙).Due to the domestic calamity,Chu Yu was chosen as his Zi finally.On the eve of being recruited by Tokugawa Mitsukuni,Zhu Shunshui changed his Zi into Lu Yu.However,the above mentioned change doesn't mean that Chu Yu was completely abandoned.Chu Yu represents the feeling of homesickness,and Lu Yu represents missing his country,which reveal Zhu Shunshui's thinking of hometown and country.It is also a recessive expression of his national consciousness being a border person.From this point of view,the statement that the national consciousness of the border people in the pre-modern East Asia is weak should be discussed further.The overemphasis on the self-consciousness of the border people ignores to some extent that the ocean story is mostly an extension of the land problem,and also ignores the complexity of the formation of border people of East Asian seas in pre-modern times.