有机无机肥配施对芒果产量与品质及经济效益的影响

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on mango yield,quality and economic benefit

[目的]针对海南省中西部芒果园土壤砂性强、有机质含量低和芒果产量低的现状,研究不同用量生物有机肥与普通有机肥对芒果产量和品质及经济效益等的影响,旨在为芒果生产上合理施用有机肥提供理论依据。[方法]以18年生芒果树为研究对象,设置5个施肥处理:以常规施肥(只施化肥,CF)为对照,在此基础上减少33%的化学养分(氮、磷、钾)并配施每株5或15 kg普通羊粪有机肥(OF5、OF15)及促生生物有机肥(BIO5、BIO15),测定芒果产量品质并计算经济效益。[结果]与CF相比,OF15处理芒果产量呈增加趋势,BIO15处理产量显著增加,分别提高了11.63%和25.70%;有机肥处理下芒果果实综合品质高于CF处理,可溶性固形物含量平均增加11.46%~33.15%,维生素C含量平均增加12.53%~13.01%;各处理叶片及花序中营养元素含量均从大到小依次为氮、钾、磷,3个时期不同处理叶片氮、磷、钾含量变化趋势相似,叶片氮含量从梢期到果实成熟期呈增加趋势,花序氮含量略高于同期叶片,叶片磷、钾含量从梢期到果实成熟期呈下降趋势,花序中的磷、钾含量均高于叶片;整体来看,与CF处理相比,羊粪有机肥处理显著提高土壤pH值,各有机肥处理不同程度提高土壤有机质含量,且有机肥处理的土壤有效磷及有效钾含量均高于CF处理;OF15和BIO15处理的经济效益比CF处理分别提高8.39%和16.14%。[结论]综合考虑果实产量及品质、叶片养分、土壤肥力及经济效益,在减少33%化肥养分投入下单株施15 kg生物有机肥处理表现最佳,其次是单株施15 kg普通羊粪有机肥,因此在进行化肥减施时应提高有机肥的用量。

[Objectives]The problems such astypical sandy soil,and low soil organic matter,and low mango yield were common in the central and western regions of Hainan Province.A field trial was conducted to study the effects of different rate of bio-organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer on mango yield,fruit qualities and economic benefits,aiming to provide theoretical basis for the reasonable application of organic fertilizer.[Methods]18-year old mango trees were used as materials in this study,and there were five fertilization treatments:the control was conventional fertilization(chemical fertilizer only,CF),33%of chemical nutrients(N,P,K)were reduced and commercial sheep manure was combined at 5 kg per plant(OF5)and 15 kg per plant(OF15)or bio-organic fertilizer was combined at 5 kg per plant(BIO5)and 15 kg per plant(BIO15).Yield and fruit quality were determined and economic benefit was calculated.[Results]Compared with CF,the yield in OF15 treatment had an increasing trend.And the yields in OF15 and BIO15 treatment were 11.63%and 25.70%higher than that in CF treatment,respectively.The fruit quality of mango in organic fertilizer treatments was higher than that in CF treatment.The soluble solid content increased by 11.46%-33.15%on average,and the vitamin C content increased by 12.53%-13.01%on average.The contents of nutrient elements in leaves and inflorescence were N,K,P from large to small.The concentration variation trends over growth stages were similar among macro-nutrients.Leaf nitrogen content had an increasing trend from the shoot stage to the maturity stage,and the nitrogen content of flowers was slightly higher than that of leaves in the same period.The leaves phosphorus and potassium contents had a downward trend from the shoot stage to the maturity stage.The phosphorus and potassium contents in flowers were higher than thoes in leaves.Overall,compared with CF treatment,sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil pH value.The application of organic fertilizer could increase soil organic matter,and the mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content in OF and BIO treatments were higher than that in CF treatment.The economic benefit of OF15 and BIO15 treatments were 8.39%and 16.14%higher than that of CF treatment,respectively.[Conclusions]The application of 15 kg per plant of bio-organic fertilizer was the best treatment when reducing 33%chemical fertilizer uses,followed by 15 kg per plant of sheep manure under this experimental conditions.The amount of organic fertilizer should be increased when reducing chemical fertilizer application.