体能训练中“技能难度负荷”的作用和实践应用

The Role and Practical Applicationof “Skill Difficulty Load” in Physical Training

调控运动员的运动负荷水平可以增强运动员对体能资源的合理分配水平,有助于增强运动技能的学习效益.文章采用文献分析法、对比实验法以及数理统计方法,以运动员日常体能训练为实验任务,探讨不同技能难度负荷对不同复杂程度的运动技能掌握水平的影响.研究结果表明:对简单运动技能学习而言,加大技能难度负荷有助于促进运动技能的掌握;对复杂运动技能学习而言,加大技能难度负荷不利于促进运动技能的掌握.技能难度负荷并不能在任意学习场景下提升运动员的技能掌握水平,在简单技能学习场景中,要加大技能训练的负荷水平,实现运动员的持久掌握;在复杂技能学习场景中,要优化技能训练的难度水平,实现运动员的快速掌握,并通过持续训练保证运动员对复杂技能的持久掌握.

Adjusting athletes’sports load level can enhance their reasonable allocation of physical resources and enhance the benefit of learning sports skills.Therefore,this paper adopts the methods of literature analysis,comparative test and mathematical statistics,and takes the daily physical training of athletes as the test task to explore the influence of different skill difficulty loads on the mastery level of sports skills with different levels of complexity.The results show that for simple motor skill learning,increasing the load of skill difficulty can promote the mastery of motor skills.For the learning of complex motor skills,increasing the difficulty load of skills is not conducive to the mastery of motor skills.The skill difficulty load could not improve the skill mastery level of athletes in any learning scenario.In the simple skill learning scenario,the load level of skill training should be increased to achieve the lasting mastery of athletes.In the complex skill learning scenario,the difficulty level of skill training should be optimized to achieve the rapid mastery of athletes,and the lasting mastery of complex skills should be ensured through continuous contact.