被宣告死亡人返回后死亡赔偿金返还问题研究

Research on the Return of Death Indemnity after the Return of the Declared Dead

司法实践中不乏有因第三方机构监护不慎致使受托管人失踪,失踪人亲属请求法院宣告受托管人死亡,并向第三方机构主张死亡赔偿金的案件。宣告死亡只要求失踪人下落不明满4年,其未必真的死亡,随时可能返回。法院撤销死亡宣告后,死亡赔偿金的依据也随之消失,原赔偿义务人可依据不当得利行使返还请求权,要求原权利人返还部分死亡赔偿金。确定返还金额时,法院可以将最初的死亡赔偿金分为两部分,即“失踪赔偿金”与“无法律依据的死亡赔偿金”,并将“无法律依据的死亡赔偿金”返还原赔偿义务人。

In judicial practice,there are many cases in which the trustee is missing due to the careless custody of the third party institution,and the relatives of the missing person request the court to declare the death of the trustee and claim death compensation from the third party institution.The declaration of death only requires the missing person to be missing for four years,and he may not really die and may return at any time.After the court cancels the declaration of death,the basis of death compensation also disappears.The original compensation obligor can ask the original owner to return part of the death compensation according to the claim right of unjust enrichment.When determining the return amount,the court can divide the initial death compensation into two parts,namely“missing compensation”and“death compensation without legal basis”,and return the“death compensation without legal basis”to the compensation obligor.