夏热冬冷地区全高站台门地铁站环控负荷分析

Cooling Load for Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems of Subway Stations in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Regions

随着城市人口的不断增加,世界各国正在大规模发展城市轨道交通系统,地铁节能工作引发了越来越多的关注和研究。以夏热冬冷地区的典型全高站台门地铁车站为例,采用基于理论分析和STESS模拟的环控系统负荷计算模型,对其组成部分和影响因素进行研究,定量给出客流量、全高站台门气密性、隧道温度、站厅站台控制温度、机械新风量对最热月环控系统冷负荷的影响。模拟结果显示,在典型工况下,全高站台门地铁车站人员负荷、渗风负荷和日稳定负荷分别占环控系统最热月冷负荷的26%~29%,29%~33%和41%~42%。研究发现地铁车站的主要节能潜力在于全高站台门气密性和站厅、站台温度的合理控制。对于全高站台门当量缝隙宽度在约束值以下的车站,增强气密性带来的节能潜力在25%以上;以站台/站厅温度26℃/27℃为基准,控制温度每增加1℃,最热月环控系统累计冷负荷降低约28%。研究结论为地铁车站环控负荷的合理控制提供参考,可对地铁车站的节能运行起到一定的指导作用。

With the continuous increase in the urban population, urban rail transit systems are being developed on a large scale all over the world. In this context, the energy efficiency of subway stations has become a concern for both governments and researchers. This study has adopted a cooling load model, based on theoretical principles and STESS simulation, to study the composition and influencing factors of the cooling load for the ventilation and air conditioning system. It has been found that the cooling loads caused by the passenger flow, unorganized infiltration air, and other factors represent approximately 26–29%, 29–33%, and 41–42% of the total load, respectively. The main energy-saving potential lies in the control of the platform screen door air tightness and indoor air temperature. An improvement in the platform screen door air tightness reduced the cooling load by 25%. Compared to the typical conditions, the cooling load was reduced by 28% per 1 ℃ increase in the indoor temperature. This study provides a reference for the reasonable level of cooling load, which plays a guiding role in the energy efficient operation of subway stations.