“混合战争”及其特点:俄罗斯学者视角的解析

“Hybrid War”and Its Characteristics:An Analysis from the Perspective of Russian Scholars

“混合战争”最早于2009年由美国提出并引起了俄罗斯学界的关注,俄罗斯学界从自身实际出发,创造性地将“颜色革命”与“混合战争”相结合,形成了独具特色的俄式“混合战争”理论。本文梳理了俄罗斯“混合战争”概念的产生过程以及发展现状,介绍了俄罗斯学界对“混合战争”多维性、非直接性、隐蔽性的共识,在综合俄学界不同观点的基础上分析了俄式“混合战争”的力量配置、阶段划分、任务安排、战法手段,并以中东、拉美、中国及俄罗斯为案例,阐述了俄方学者眼中的“混合战争”。俄式“混合战争”具有主观性,一定程度上已经被塑造为俄方谴责美国推行霸权主义的说辞,另一方面,俄式“混合战争”也是当前国际局势深度调整和战争制胜机理变化的生动反映,对国家战略运筹能力提出了更高要求。此外,“混合战争”相关研究依然存在模糊之处,急需进一步明确。

The concept of“Hybrid War”was first proposed by the US in 2009 and attracted strong concerns of Russian scholars.Based on Russia’s real situation,the Russian academic circles creatively combined the concepts of“Color Revolution”and“Hybrid War”and established a unique Russian-style theory of“Hybrid War”.This article reviews the formation and development status of the theory of“Hybrid War”in Russia,introduces the consensus of Russian scholars on the multidimensional,indirect,and concealed nature of“Hybrid War”,and analyzes the power allocation,phase division,task arrangement,and tactics of the Russian-style“Hybrid War”based on the case study of the Middle East,Latin America,China and Russia.The Russian-style“Hybrid War”has subjectivity and is often used as a rhetoric to condemn the US for pursuing hegemony.On the other hand,the Russian-style“Hybrid War”is also a reflection of the in-depth adjustments of the current international situation and changes in the winning mechanism of war,which requires higher capability of national strategic operations.In addition,there are still ambiguities within the study of“Hybrid War”and further clarification is urgently needed.