普京经济政策偏好及特点:基于国情咨文的考察

The Preference and Characteristics of Putin’s Economic Policies:Based on the State of the Union Address

本文以梳理普京主政20多年来所发表的国情咨文为基础,对普京经济政策的目标、措施及实现程度进行分门别类的研究,以期洞察普京经济政策的偏好及特点。分析框架包含14项经济政策目标,涉及宏观经济政策、公共政策、区域经济政策、人口和劳动力政策、分配和消费政策、环境政策、对外经济政策等。从国情咨文所阐述的经济政策可以看出,普京执政以来高度重视经济增长、改善营商环境和人口问题,考虑到俄罗斯经济社会现实的具体条件和历年经济形势,普京经济政策偏好有其合理性。要以历史动态眼光评价俄罗斯总统国情咨文所阐述的经济政策,既要看到其政策宣示意义,也要跟踪和观察相关政策的实施效果。

A country’s economic policies includes the general economic theory,macroeconomic policy,microeconomic policy,and international economic policy while the research on economic policies involves three parts:the object of economic policy,the target system,and the method system.With respect to the evaluation of economic policies,the economics community always has different opinions.Based on the State of the Union Addresses published by Putin over the past 20 years,this article conducts a categorized research on the goals,measures and outcomes of Putin’s economic policies,in order to explore Putin’s policy preferences and characteristics.The analytic framework includes 14 economic policy objectives,covering macroeconomic policies,public policies,regional economic policies,population and labor policies,distribution and consumption policies,environmental policies,and foreign economic policies.From the State of the Union address,it can be seen that Putin has attached great importance to economic growth,improvement of business environment and population issues.Given the specific economic and social situation of Russia over the years,the preference of Putin’s economic policy is reasonable.It is necessary to evaluate Putin’s economic policies in the State of the Union address from the perspective of historical dynamics.Both the influence of the policy announcement and the effects of the policy implementation should be valued.