不同类型钾肥对大棚厚皮甜瓜产量及氯含量的影响

Effect of Different Potash Fertilizer on Production and Chloride Ions Content of Muskmelon in Greenhouse

以‘北海1号’厚皮甜瓜为研究对象,通过水肥一体化技术施用等量N、P_2O_5、K_2O,研究K_2SO_4、KCl及商用大量元素水溶肥处理对大棚厚皮甜瓜的产量、可溶性固形物、氯离子含量及采后基质成份的影响,为大棚甜瓜生产提供施肥依据。结果表明,KCl处理的甜瓜可溶性固形物、植株和基质中氯离子含量最高,基质pH下降最多,同等条件下KCl处理施肥成本最低;三处理甜瓜果实和茎叶中全钾含量远高于基质中含量;甜瓜茎叶和基质中全硫含量波动不大,但远高于果实中含量;各处理单瓜重和产量差异不显著,K_2SO_4处理经济效益稍高。适当施用KCl可提高甜瓜可溶性固形物含量,对厚皮甜瓜产量影响不大,KCl成本更低,本试验K_2SO_4处理经济效益稍高;氯离子在基质中有所积累,甜瓜植株没有出现氯害现象,但使基质pH降低0.36~0.43个单位。

Muskmelon‘Beihai 1’was fertigated with fertilizer equivalent to N,P2O5,and K2O to analyze the effects of the treatments with K2SO4,KCl and commercial macroelement water soluble fertilizer on the production,and contents of soluble solids and chloride ions of muskemlon,as well as postharvest substrate components in the greenhouse.The results showed that the total soluble solids content of muskmelon and the chloride ions content in the plant and the substrate were the highest in the KCl treatment,with the highest decrease of pH in the substrate and the lowest cost in fertilizer application under the same conditions.In all the three treatments the total potassium content was much higher in the fruit,stem and leaves of muskmelon than in the substrate.The total sulfur content was similar in the stem and leaves and the substrate,but much higher than that in the fruit.There was no significant difference in single fruit weight and yield among the treatments,and the K2SO4 treatment had slightly higher economic benefit than the other two treatments.It is concluded that application of KCl improves TSS content,has little effect on fruit production and is low in cost while application of K2SO4 has higher economic benefits,and that application of KCl increases the chloride ions content in the substrate,reduces the pH of the substrate from 0.36-0.43 units as against the control,and does not cause chloride injury to muskmelon plants.