数字资本积累中的免疫机制——以美国制裁华为反观资本主义共同体的开放和保护

The Immune System in the Accumulation of Digital Capital:Rethinking Protectionism and Free Trade of the Capitalist Community in View of Sanctions

伴随数字经济时代产业结构的升级和变革,发达经济体不断建构出新的市场规则或更新以往的原则。在数字经济中,与消费者直接相关的产业和部门往往呈现去中心化特征,但是搭载数字产业的信息和通信技术设施是高度中心化的,这些技术与服务被牢牢地掌握在发达经济体中。如何看待数字经济发展中地区间的不平等、世界市场对网络节点的争夺,是马克思主义政治经济学面临的现实问题。从美国技术封锁华为事件不难看出,在经济全球化进入数字经济时代的当下,信息技术并没有催生出一个扁平的世界,以美国为首的发达经济体将继续维护经济全球化的中心性地位,通过数字资本的积聚倒逼产业资本与金融资本的变革,数字产业自诞生之初就是资本垄断的新形式。因此,在批判资本与技术合谋的同时,不应该忽略国家或政府在数字资本积累过程中所扮演的重要角色。

As the industrial structure in the era of digital economy upgrades and transforms,major developed economies are constantly constructing new market rules or updating the previous ones.Industries and sectors,which are directly related to consumers,tend to be decentralized in the digital economy.In contrast,the information and communication technology facilities equipped with the digital industry are highly centralized,and these technologies and services are still firmly controlled by developed economies.In such context,a pragmatic issue faced by Marxist Political Economics is how to deal with the inequality between regions in the development of digital economy,and how to compete with one another for network nodes in the world market.With the economic globalization entering into the digital economy era,information technology has not developed or shaped a flat world,which can be seen from an obvious fact is that the USA has blockaded Huawei in terms of cutting-edge technology.The developed economies,headed by the US,will continue to maintain their central position in the process of globalization,thus force the transformation of industrial and financial capital by accumulating digital capital.In addition,the digital industry has developed into a new form of capital monopoly since its inception.Therefore,which should not be ignored is that the state or government has an irreplaceable role to play when the mainstream critique still focuses on the collusion of capital and technology.