基于指标法的建筑物理脆弱性评估研究进展

Review of Physical Vulnerability Assessment of Building Based on Indicator Method

承灾体脆弱性评估是科学进行灾害风险评估和预测的基础,房屋建筑作为面大量广的承灾体,众多学者对建筑物理脆弱性指标模型进行了研究。基于单灾种和多灾种2个维度,针对指标模型构建的各环节,全面梳理了几种典型单灾种物理脆弱性指标体系和评估模型构建情况,发现指标选取理论依据不明确,模型构建主观性较强,不能准确表征建筑特点与抗灾能力间的内在联系。系统总结了多灾种指标体系和耦合物理脆弱性指标模型研究现状,发现多灾种之间及其对承灾体影响的复杂耦合效应在现有指标模型中未得到充分体现。研究结果表明,明晰指标依据、优化模型构建是提升单灾种物理脆弱性评估准确性的关键;改进脆弱性耦合模型、拓展综合脆弱性评估方法是健全多灾种脆弱性评估研究的核心。

Vulnerability assessment of disaster bearing bodies is the basis of disaster risk assessment and prediction. Building is a kind of disaster bearing body vast in number and wide in scale, the research of physical vulnerability index model of buildings has attracted the interest of many researchers. The construction process of indicator-based method was introduced from the two dimensions of single-hazard and multi-hazard. The physical vulnerability index system and the index model construction of several typical single-hazard are comprehensively sorted out, and it is recognized that the scientific basis of model construction is not clear and the model construction is highly subjective which cannot accurately represent the internal relationship between the building characteristics and the ability to resist disasters. The research status of the physical vulnerability coupling index model for the triggering effect of multi-hazards was summarized, and it is found that coupling effects and their impacts on disaster bearing body are not fully reflected in the existing model. The research shows that optimizing index model and elaborating basis of indicators are the key to improve the effectiveness of single-hazard physical vulnerability assessment. Perfecting indicator system, improving coupled vulnerability model and developing the comprehensive vulnerability assessment method are the core of the research on multi-hazard vulnerability assessment.