康德的实践概念透析

An Analysis of Kant’s Concept of Practice

康德对“实践”的界说分为“显明的”与“隐微的”,前者主要体现在《论俗语:这在理论上可能是正确的,但不适用于实践》,后者主要体现在《道德形而上学奠基》《判断力批判》《实用人类学》中。这两种界说彰显了康德“实践”概念的两大特征:“创制化”与“纯粹化”,这与古典实践哲学的实践概念形成了鲜明对照。在古典实践哲学中,实践不是创制,创制也不是实践,实践的目的在实践自身,创制的目的在创制之外;实践既关涉实践理性亦关涉情感,是实践理性规范下的稳定的情感体验模式,因此它不是纯粹的先验的。

Kant’s definition of“practice”is divided into“overt”and“covert”.The former is mainly embodied in On Colloquialism,Which May Be Correct In Theory,But Does Not Apply To Practice,while the latter is mainly embodied in The Foundation of Moral Metaphysics,Critique of Judgment and Practical Anthropology.These two definitions highlight the two major characteristics of Kant’s concept of practice:“creation”and“purification”,which are in sharp contrast to the classical philosophy of practice.In the classical philosophy of practice,practice is not creation,creation is not practice,the purpose of practice lies in practice itself,the purpose of creation is beyond creation,practice involves both practical rationality and emotion,which is a stable emotional experience mode under the norms of practical rationality,so it is not purely transcendental.