《共产党宣言》的言说策略

The Speech Strategies of The Communist Manifesto

《共产党宣言》修辞形态繁复,喜用多种特殊修辞,并将其放置于阶级关系体系中完成修辞的言说功能。通过特殊修辞,给对立阶级以足够的强词夺理的话语空间,并以此为基础强力揭示他们被社会淘汰的不可更改的历史命数。《共产党宣言》的结构形态是全景敞视主义的,共产党人观察他者的视角是全知全能的,这可从共时性全景敞视和历时性全景敞视两个维度加以解释,它映射着马克思、恩格斯的社会历史体验、精神结构和思维方式。《共产党宣言》的言语形态是压制性的,共产党人和他者建构的是对话关系,而不是对等关系。它把话语权力变成一种民主的、节制的、自律的权力运用,但其言说本质是封闭的、完成的。它看似在多声共语中建构协商的机制,实则在开阔的话语空间里强力达成话语的论定性和权威性,以此承担意识形态统摄和政治纲领化育功能。

The Communist Manifesto has complicated rhetoric forms,and it prefers to use a variety of special rhetoric and places it in the class relationship system to complete its rhetoric function.Through special rhetoric,it can give the opposite class enough discourse space,and on this basis,it strongly reveals the historical destiny which can’t be changed.The structural form of The Communist Manifesto is omniscient and omnipotent,which can be explained from two dimensions of synchronic panoramic exposure and diachronic panoramic exposure.It reflects the social and historical experience,spiritual structure and thinking mode of Marx and Engels.The relationship between The Communist Manifesto and the Communist Party is the form of dialogue,not the oppressor.It turns discourse power into a kind of democratic,restrained and self disciplined use of power,but its essence is closed and completed.It seems to construct the negotiation mechanism in the multi-voice common language,but in fact,it strongly achieves the qualitative and authoritative discourse in the open discourse space,so as to undertake the ideological control and political program education function.