浙江省杨梅园果蝇及其寄生性天敌种类多样性调查

Species Diversity of Drosophila and the Associated Parasitoid Complex in Waxberry Orchard in Zhejiang Province

首次系统地调查了浙江省杨梅主要产区果蝇及其寄生性天敌种群资源,明确了为害杨梅的果蝇主要类群及其寄生性天敌优势种类。采用形态学鉴定与COI分子生物学方法相结合,分析发现我省杨梅果蝇种类主要有6种:黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、斑翅果蝇D.suzukii、拟果蝇D.simulans、高桥氏果蝇D.takahashii、伊米果蝇D.immigrans和黑果蝇D.virile;浙江省杨梅果蝇寄生蜂有9种,分属于4个科,它们分别是茧蜂科Braconidae的开臂反颚茧蜂属Asobara、环腹瘿蜂科Figitidae的丽匙胸瘿蜂属Ganaspis和小环腹瘿蜂属Leptopilina、锤角细蜂科Diapriidae的毛锤角细蜂属Trichopria和金小蜂科Pteromalidae的蝇蛹金小蜂属Pachycrepoideus。同时,不同年份杨梅果园果蝇种群数量变动较大,其中2018年各地区斑翅果蝇比例明显高于2019年。大部分地区(杭州除外)开臂反颚茧蜂属Asobara寄生蜂数量明显多于其他寄生蜂,为浙江省果蝇优势寄生蜂。本文最后就各类寄生蜂生物学特性及其生防潜力进行了讨论,旨在为杨梅果园及其他果园果蝇害虫的生物防治提供基础资料。

Species diversity of Drosophila and the associated parasitoids was investigated at seven waxberry(Myrica rubra)orchards in Zhejiang province.By combining morphological identification and the mitochondrial COI gene as a molecular marker,we identified six species of Drosophila,i.e.D.melanogaster,D.suzukii,D.simulans,D.takahashii,D.immigrans,and D.virile.We also found nine associated parasitoid species belonging to five genera:Asobara(Braconidae),Ganaspis(Figitidae),Leptopilina(Figitidae),Trichopria(Diapriidae),and Pachycrepoideus(Pteromalidae).Our results showed that the population size of different Drosophila species varied greatly between the orchards,and the percentage of D.suzukii in 2018 was obviously higher than that in 2019.Among the parasitoids collected,the number of Asobara species in most orchards was much higher than those of the other wasps,indicating that Asobara is the dominant group of parasitic wasps in Zhejiang province.Furthermore,we discussed the biological control potential of each parasitoid on Drosophila species,especially on D.suzukii based on the biological characteristics.