马克思剥削观的三重维度探析

An Analysis of the Three Dimensions of Marx’s View on Exploitation

马克思剥削观是其资本主义批判理论的重要内容。传统马克思主义者往往从历史唯物主义视角出发来解读马克思剥削观,将马克思对剥削的阐述作为一种事实判断,认为剥削是深入解析剩余价值理论从而进行资本逻辑批判的中介和手段。西方分析马克思主义学派则将马克思的剥削观视为一种价值判断,致力于发掘马克思思想中的规范性内涵,从而将马克思思想引入到正义语境当中进行重释和重构。马克思剥削观实质上具有三重维度,即历史维度、辩证维度和正义维度。对马克思剥削观的深入研究有助于更好地理解马克思思想中的哲学革命内涵,有助于在全新的时代背景中彰显马克思思想的理论张力,有助于在社会建设与发展中发挥马克思思想的实践作用。

Marx’s view of exploitation is an important part of his critical theory of capitalism.Traditional Marxists researchers often start from the perspective of historical materialism to interpret Marx’s view of exploitation,taking Marx’s interpretation of exploitation as a factual judgment,believing that exploitation is an in-depth analysis of the theory of surplus value,and exploitation severs as intermediary and means to do capital logic criticism.Western Marxist researchers take Marx’s view of exploitation as a value judgment and are committed to exploring the normative in Marx’s thought in order to introduce Marx’s thought into the context of justice for reinterpretation and reconstruction.Marx’s view of exploitation in fact has three dimensions,namely historical dimension,dialectical dimension,and the justice dimension.An in-depth study of Marx’s view of exploitation will help to gain better understanding of the connotation of the philosophical revolution in Marx’s thought,and it contributes to highlight the theory of Marx’s thought in a brand-new background.Also,it helps to play the practical role of Marxism in social construction and development.