生命历程视角下教育对健康的影响及其中介机制研究

The Influence and Mediating Effect between Education and Health from the Life Course Perspective

“健康中国”战略下,教育作为生产物质资源、塑造行为方式的重要资本,对健康的作用需要深入探讨。本文围绕健康机制在整个生命周期内变动不居的特征,基于2016年“社会网络与职业经历调查”数据,重新验证和理解了教育与健康的关系随生命进程如何变化,分析了教育作用健康的中介机制在生命历程视角下的差异化表现。实证结果发现:(1)教育水平对个体健康有显著作用,且影响程度在不同年龄群体间存在差异。与青年群体相比,中老年群体的健康状况受教育程度影响更强;(2)经济地位、生活方式均是教育影响健康的有效中介因素,并且两种中介因素的影响程度会随生命历程发生转变。青年时期,生活方式的影响大于经济地位因素;而中老年时期,经济地位的影响会明显上升,远大于生活方式因素。

Under the strategy of“Healthy China”,education as an important capital which can produce material resources and influence people’s life style,gradually plays an essential role in keeping health.Taking the characteristics of the health changing in the whole life into account,based on the data of JSNET in 2016,this paper verifies how the relationship between education and health changes with the age,then analyzes the difference of the mediating effect between education and health from the life course perspective.Empirical results show that(1)education level has significant effect on individual health,and this effect in middle-aged and elderly group is stronger than that in the youth group;(2)economic status and lifestyle both are effective medi-factor of education on health,and the relative influence proportions of these two medi-factors will change with life course.Specifically,for youth,compared with the economic status factors,lifestyle factors contribute more to the mediating effect of education on health;but for middle and old age people,the mediating effect of economic status between education and health is much greater than that of lifestyle factors.