农村贫困地区影子教育的实施效果研究

Research on the Effect of Shadow Education in Rural Poverty-Stricken Areas

影子教育是与主流学校教育相伴相生并且迅速扩张的教育活动,明确影子教育的观测内容,了解农村地区影子教育的参与现状,对有序引导影子教育发展、促进贫困地区教育发展、实现教育扶贫具有重要意义。本文基于陕西省宁强县4641份调研数据,实证分析了农村贫困地区影子教育参与率对学生学业发展的影响。研究发现:农村贫困地区影子教育参与率达37.5%,成为学校教育的重要补充;面向学科知识提升的影子教育活动能更好地改善学业成绩,开展综合类影子教育也对学业成绩提升有显著影响;除影子教育强度外,类型、支出、动因、满意度、认可度等均对学业发展存在显著影响,且不同家庭背景、学校类型的学生参与影子教育后的学业发展存在差异。为此,建议面向贫困地区提供可选择的免费影子教育资源、家校理性看待并选择影子教育、实施差异化影子教育指导工作,以激发学生内在动力为教育根本。

Shadow education is an education activity which exists and develops with mainstream school education and expands rapidly.To clarify the observation content of shadow education and explore the participation situation of shadow education in rural areas is of great significance to orderly guiding the development of shadow education,promoting the development of education in poverty-stricken areas and realizing poverty alleviation through education.Based on the five schools’survey in Ningqiang County,Shaanxi province and 4641 valid sample data,this paper verified the influence of shadow education on the academic development of students.The results show that 37.5%of junior school students in the rural areas participated in the shadow education,which had become an important supplement to school education.Shadow education activities oriented to the promotion of subject knowledge can better improve academic performance,and comprehensive shadow education also has a significant impact on academic performance.In addition to the intensity,all dimensions had significant effects on academic development,and students with different family backgrounds and school types had different academic development after participating in shadow education.It is suggested that selectable and free-of-charge shadow education resources can be provided to poverty-stricken areas and that schools and parents should rationally treat and select shadow education and guide differentiated shadow education,so as to stimulate students’internal motivation as the foundation of education.