动词属性谓语句的成立机制——以谓语动词“状态词化”的一类为主

The Establishment Mechanism of Individual-level Predicate Sentences in Japanese:Focusing on the“Adjectivization”of a Class of Predicate Verbs

日语中存在很多谓语动词已经脱离时和体束缚的动词属性谓语句。本文主要以动词发生“状态词化”的一类为研究对象,将Kennedy&McNally(1999,2005)提出的“尺度结构”作为理论工具,旨在探讨该类型动词属性谓语句的成立机制。研究发现,“尺度性”是促进谓语动词产生“状态词化”的根本原因。其中,“开放尺度结构”促使动词获得等同于形容词的句法特征,语义上表示主语的特征、性质等属性义。另一方面,“准闭合尺度结构”诱发动词获得可能义的解读,也具备了形容词的句法表征,表示主语的能力、潜在可能性等属性义。而且出于制造“特殊性”的需要,“尺度性”这一语义特征也不可或缺。

In Japanese,there are many verb attribute predicate sentences in which the predicate verbs have broken aw ay from the constraints of tense and aspect.In this paper,the category of verbs with"adjectivization"is taken as the research object,and the"scale structure"proposed by Kennedy&McNally(1999,2005)is used as a theoretical tool to explore the establishment mechanism of this type of verb attribute predicate sentence.It is found that"scale"is the fundamental reason to prom ote the"adjectivization"of predicate verbs.Among them,"open-scale structure"allows verbs to obtain syntactic features equivalent to adjectives,and semantically expresses attribute meanings such as subject features and properties.On the other hand,"quasi-closed scale structure"induces verbs to obtain the interpretation of possible meanings,and also possesses the syntactic representation of adjectives,which indicates the attribute meanings of the subject's ability and potential possibility.Moreover,for the sake of creating"particularity",the semantic feature of"scale"is also indispensable.