健康中老年和青年日常生活足底压力特征比较研究

Characteristics of plantar pressure of healthy middle aged and old age and young people during daily life

采用足底压力分布测试系统对12名健康中老年人和20名健康大学生平地自然行走和上、下楼梯进行测试,包括足底各区域最大压力、冲量、峰值压强和有效负荷面积。结果表明:在行走时,中老年组的足跟内、外侧、第2-3跖骨和2-5足趾最大压力、峰值压力和冲量小于青年组。上楼梯时中老年组的足底足弓外侧、第2-3跖骨、2-5足趾等区域的最大压力、峰值压强和冲量普遍要小于青年组。下楼梯时中老年组的足底第1-3跖骨、2-5足趾、足弓外侧等区域的最大压力、峰值压强、有效负荷面积和冲量要小于青年组;但在第1足趾和足跟内、外侧有效负荷面积大于青年组。由此可得:中老年人因年龄增长,下肢控制能力降低,足前掌长时间磨损与地面接触面积增大、接触时间增长,这种人体自身的保护机制,增加了支撑的稳定性,从而预防跌倒损伤的发生。

12 healthy middle-aged and elderly people and 20 healthy college students were tested by plantar pressure distribution test system, including maximum pressure, impulse, peak pressure and payload area in each region of plantar. Results show that during walking, the maximum pressure, peak pressure and impulse of the inner, outer, 2-3 metatarsal and 2-5 toes of the middle aged group are less than those of the young group. The maximum pressure, peak pressure and impulse of the lateral plantar arch, the 2-3 metatarsal and the 2-5 toes are generally lower in the elderly group than in the young group. In terms of descending stairs, the maximum pressure, peak pressure, payload area and impulse of the 1-3 metatarsal, 2-5 toes and lateral arch of the plantar soles in the elderly group are smaller than those in the young group. However, the inner and outer payload area of the 1 st toe and heel is larger than that of the youth group. Therefore due to the aging of the elderly, lower limb control ability is reduced, and the wear of the forefoot for a long time increases the contact area with the ground and the contact time, which is the body’s own protection mechanism, increasing the stability of support, thus preventing the occurrence of fall injury.