基于黄磷生产工艺的磷物质流分析及磷污染减排对策

Analysis of phosphorus material flow based on yellow phosphorus production process and countermeasures for phosphorus pollution reduction

黄磷是我国重要的基础工业原料,而黄磷生产行业是高污染、高耗能行业。采用物质流分析方法研究我国黄磷生产工艺的磷污染减排,汇总生产过程各含磷环节数据,绘制黄磷生产工艺磷走向图,并建立磷平衡图。结果表明:磷在生产过程中共有4类输出单元,其中产品和副产品(黄磷、斜板槽回收磷、转锅精制磷、磷铁等)占比为87.62%;固体废物(转锅炉灰、磷渣),占比为9.38%;黄磷尾气占比为0.37%;冲渣水占比为2.56%。结合实际调研及磷物质流分析情况,提出黄磷生产企业面临的主要磷污染问题环节,并提出进行无组织废气的收集、生产厂区污水基础设施防渗处理、含磷尾气的深度净化以及泥磷的综合利用等措施建议。

Yellow phosphorus is an important basic industrial raw material in China,while yellow phosphorus production is a high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial process.The material flow analysis method was applied to study the phosphorus pollution reduction of yellow phosphorus production process through summarizing the data of phosphorus-containing units at various points,and establishing corresponding phosphorus trend flow chart and phosphorus balance diagram.The results showed that there were four types of output units in phosphorus production process,including products(yellow phosphorus,recovered phosphorus from sloping plate tanks and refining phosphorus in rotary pots,ferrophosphorus,etc.),with a total proportion of 87.62%;solid wastes(furnace ash,phosphorous slag in rotary pots),accounting for 9.38%;phosphorus furnace exhaust,accounting for 0.37%;and quenching water,accounting for 2.56%.Based on the field investigation and analysis of phosphorus material flow,the main pollution problems of yellow phosphorus production enterprises were pointed out,and the suggestions on phosphorus pollution reduction throughout the process,such as fugitive emission collection,anti-seepage treatment of sewage infrastructure in production area,deep purification of phosphorus-containing exhaust,and comprehensive utilization of mud phosphorus put forward.