北方寒冷地区河流特点及生态修复与管理模式——以北沙河沈阳段为例

Characteristics,ecological restoration and governance mode of rivers in north cold region in China:taking Shenyang Section of Beisha River as an example

北方寒冷地区河流多存在水质难以有效保持、水量时空分布不均、生态流量不足、水生态环境恶化等问题。以北沙河沈阳段为研究对象,以水质、水量、水生态、水管理为脉络,通过问题识别,有针对性地筛选国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“十一五”“十二五”“十三五”阶段形成的水生态修复、水环境管理技术及设计工程措施,将完善管网、建设污水处理设施、清理河道垃圾、疏浚河道污染底泥、修复支流汇入口湿地、建设闸坝及河道湿地、封育河滩地与完善信息监控系统等有机融合,形成外源阻控、内源治理、水质净化、生态修复、长效保持的北方寒冷地区河流生态修复与管理模式,以期为其他类似河流的治理提供参考。

Many rivers in north cold region in China have problems such as difficulty in maintaining water quality,uneven distribution of water resources in time and space,insufficient ecological flow,and deterioration in water environment,etc.Taking Shenyang Section of Beisha River as example,and with water quality,water quantity,water ecology and water management as the context,the specific problems of the river were identified and water ecological restoration and water environmental management technologies developed in the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment during the 11th,12th and 13th Five-Year Plan periods were selected and transferred to the engineering measures.Those specific measures were integrated,including improving pipe networks,building sewage treatment facilities,cleaning up wastes along river channel,dredging river sewage,creating estuary wetlands,constructing gate dams and channel wetlands,fencing the flood land,and improving the information monitoring system,etc.On that basis,an exogenous pollutant prevention and control,endogenous pollutant treatment,water quality purification,ecological restoration and long-term maintain mode of ecological restoration and management for rivers in north cold region in China was established,which could provide references for the treatment of other rivers with similar problems.