生产性投入进口与企业全要素生产率:水平影响与垂直溢出

Productive Input Imports and Total Factor Productivity:Horizontal Effect and Vertical Spillover

提升全要素生产率是实现经济高质量发展和建立更高层次开放型经济必不可少的环节,生产性投入进口与生产率乃至贸易利得的关系是当代国际经济学的重要理论问题。本文构建2003—2016年企业层面微观数据集(其中垂直溢出的样本区间为2003—2014年),从水平影响和垂直溢出两个维度研究生产性投入进口对企业生产率的影响,将资本品和中间品加以对比分析。研究结果显示:资本品和中间品进口虚拟变量、种类都显著促进了企业生产率提升,中间品的影响更大;两类产品的前向和后向溢出均能提高生产率,资本品溢出效应更明显。上述结论在多重稳健性检验及较好解决内生性情形下均成立。生产性投入进口对企业生产率的影响因行业、所有制和是否出口呈现差异,通过技术外溢效应、竞争效应和规模经济效应发挥作用。本文研究结论对经济高质量发展及长期可持续发展具有深刻的现实意义。

This paper constructed a micro-data set at firm-level from 2003 to 2016(where the sample period of vertical spillover is 2003-2014)to study the impact of productive input imports on TFP from both horizontal and vertical spillover perspectives,and compared differential effects between capital goods and intermediates.The results show that both capital goods and intermediate input imports have significantly boosted enterprises’developments.The import dummy,import varieties,and both industrial forward and backward spillovers have positive effects on TFP,while the forward spillover effect is larger than the backward one.These conclusions are valid under multiple robustness tests and considering endogenous situations.Furthermore,impacts of productive input imports on enterprise productivity vary depending on the industry,ownership,and export status,taking effects through technology spillover,competition,and economies of scale.The conclusions above have profound practical significance for the economic development with high-quality and long-term sustainability.