食用菌杂交育种中的科学问题

Scientific Problems in Crossbreeding of Edible Fungi

我国食用菌产业蓬勃发展为育种研究和实践带来了前所未有的发展机遇和挑战,杂交育种是食用菌育种的主要方法之一,有必要对食用菌杂交育种的基本遗传学知识进行梳理和对杂交育种理论进行总结。对食用菌杂交育种过程中涉及的一些研究成果进行概述,包括杂交亲本选配、配子体获得、杂交子产生和F1代栽培测试等方面,并对杂交育种中一些科学问题进行讨论,包括食用菌杂交亲本遗传资源、杂交优势和近交衰退、单核体的供体核角色和受体核角色、双核体的协同增效作用和优势核等,同时指出需要关注的研究领域和研究方向。最后强调我国食用菌产业的育种工作要走商业化育种之路,才能够促进我国食用菌种业的健康发展,更好地满足食用菌产业高质量可持续发展的需求。

The vigorous development of edible fungi industry in China has brought unprecedented development opportunities and challenges for research and practice of breeding.Crossbreeding is an important and major approach for edible fungi breeding.Therefore,it is necessary to review the fundamental genetics and crossbreeding theories of edible fungi.This paper summarized featured achievements in crossbreeding of edible fungi,including characterization and selection of parental strains,haploid gamete acquisition,generation of hybrids and cultivation test of F1 generation.Some scientific problems in crossbreeding were further discussed,including genetic resources of hybrid parents,heterosis and inbreeding decline,male and female roles of monokaryons in the process of hybridization,synergism of dikaryon and dominant nucleus,etc..Meanwhile,research gaps and directions that are calling attention were pointed out.Finally,it was emphasized that edible fungi breeding in China should take the road of commercial breeding so as to support healthy,high-quality and sustainable development of the edible fungi industry.