菌袋装料窝口插棒一体机的设计与实验

Design and Performance Test of an All-in-One Fungus Stick Preparation Machine for Automated Bagging,Socket Forming and Rod Insertion

针对我国食用菌传统袋栽模式生产过程中存在的设备工序单一、集成度差、效率低等问题,研究设计一种人工套袋后的菌袋自动装料窝口插棒一体机,并对一体机中的装料、窝口、插棒等装置进行分析设计。通过黑木耳菌棒制作实验表明:菌袋自动装料窝口插棒一体机结构设计合理,关键工序部件衔接流畅,性能稳定,生产率为每小时721袋,较现有的单机设备分步作业,生产效率提升60%以上;装料后的菌袋平均容重为761.90 kg·m^-3,菌袋质量变异系数为0.83%,表明菌袋内料重的稳定性好;插棒深度的变异系数为2.17%,其均匀性在正常范围(2%~3%)之内,可满足菇农对菌棒制作设备一体机生产的需求。

Currently,the bagging and fungus stick preparation process in China has the following problems:separated operations,poor integration level and low efficiency.To resolve these problems,an integrated mushroom cultivation stick preparation machine was designed,built and tested for its performance in this study.The structure of this all-in-one machine integrates automated culture material filling,vortex-shaped socket forming and rod insertion.These key functional units are smoothly assembled in the machine for stable performance.The machine was used to prepare Auricularia auricula sticks and the results showed that the working efficiency of the machine was 721 bags per hour,which is 60%higher than that of the existing machines.After material filling,the average bulk density of the bag was 374.41 kg·m^-3,and the variation coefficient of bag mass was 0.83%,indicating a stable performance on bag weight.The coefficient of variation of rod insertion depth was 2.17%,which falls in a normal fluctuation range(2%-3%)accepted by mushroom farmers.