分合之间:俄罗斯行政诉讼的立法演变

Between the Separation and Combination: The Legislative Evolu⁃tion of Russian Administrative Litigation proceedings in Russia

如果以行政争议的司法解决来理解行政诉讼,那么俄罗斯的行政诉讼制度经历了沙皇俄国、苏联和俄罗斯联邦三个阶段。历史上,俄罗斯一直是通过民事诉讼程序来审理行政争议,而缺乏一部真正的行政诉讼法。经过漫长的等待,2015年3月8日俄罗斯联邦行政诉讼程序法典在争议声中开始生效,此后又在争议中历经多次修改。但法典的多次、大量修改,以及法典在修改内容上的特征,都不能就此表明法典本身存在问题,而只是表明,俄罗斯行政诉讼在这段时期内的发展轨迹与方向,即在国家司法制度改革的大背景下,与民事诉讼、仲裁程序的协调统一。

If administrative litigation is understood in terms of judicial settlement of administrative disputes,the administrative litigation system in Russia has undergone three stages:Tsarist Russia,Soviet Union and Russian Federation.Historically,Russia has adjudicated administrative disputes through civil procedure,but lacks a true code of administrative procedure.After a long wait,on March 8,2015,the Russian Federation’s Code of Administrative Procedure came into effect amid controversy,and since then it has undergone many changes in the controversy.However,the multiple and extensive revisions to the Code,and the characteristics of the Code in terms of the amendments content,can not indicate that there is a problem with the Code itself,while it just shows the trajectory and direction of the development of administrative litigation in Russia during this period,that is,under the background of the reform of the national judicial system,it is coordinated with civil litigation and arbitration procedures.