郑州市6~14岁儿童支气管哮喘影响因素分析

Influencing factors of bronchial asthma in children aged 6-14 in Zhengzhou City

目的探析6~14岁儿童支气管哮喘发生相关因素。方法对2019年郑州市某医院全年收治的6~14岁儿童支气管哮喘患者(观察组)和健康儿童(对照组)及其家长进行调查,对2组儿童的体质指数(BMI)、家族哮喘史、饲养宠物、家中使用地毯、家人吸烟、室内居住环境、个人食物过敏史、上呼吸道感染史等因素进行比较分析。结果本研究共对支气管哮喘儿童(观察组)176例、健康儿童473人进行调查。观察组男、女童分别占54.55%、45.45%,对照组分别占59.41%、40.59%,2组儿童年龄、性别构成分布差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,超重、肥胖(OR=3.537,2.956)、家族哮喘史(OR=4.536)、家人吸烟(OR=3.764)、室内居住环境有霉斑(OR=3.679)、个人食物过敏史(OR=4.403)、上呼吸道感染史(OR=7.043)的6~14岁儿童发生支气管哮喘的风险更高。结论家族哮喘史、肥胖与支气管哮喘发病密切相关,个人食物过敏史、上呼吸道感染史为儿童支气管哮喘高危因素,家人吸烟、居住环境有霉斑等均与此年龄段儿童支气管哮喘发生相关,因此家庭及社会应加强危险因素的防控,远离哮喘过敏源与诱因,预防儿童呼吸系统疾病的发生。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of bronchial asthma in children aged 6-14.Methods A total of 6-14 years old children with bronchial asthma(observation group)and healthy children(control group)and their parents were investigated in a hospital of Zhengzhou City in 2019.The BMI,family history of asthma,pet keeping,carpet use at home,family smoking,indoor living environment,personal history of food allergy and history of upper respiratory tract infection of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 176 children with bronchial asthma and 473 healthy children were investigated.In the observation group,male and female accounted for 54.55%and45.45%,respectively;while the control group accounted for 59.41%and 40.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in age and gender composition distribution between the two groups(P>0.05).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that 6-14 years old children with overweight,obesity(OR=3.537,2.956),family history of asthma(OR=4.536),family smoking(OR=3.764),indoor living environment(OR=3.679),personal history of food allergy(OR=4.403)and history of upper respiratory tract infection(OR=7.043)had a higher risk of bronchial asthma.Conclusion Family history of asthma and obesity are closely related to the onset of bronchial asthma.Personal history of food allergy and history of upper respiratory tract infection are high risk factors for bronchial asthma in children.Family smoking and living environment are the triggers for bronchial asthma.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of risk factors,and stay away from allergens and triggers of asthma can reduce the incidence of bronchial asthma in children.