孕妇缺铁性贫血发生情况及影响因素分析

Analysis on the incidence and influencing factors of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

目的探析孕妇缺铁性贫血(IDA)发生情况及影响因素。方法以2019年3月至2020年2月首次在株洲市某医院建立生育档案的孕妇为调查对象进行问卷调查、血红蛋白(Hb)和血清铁蛋白(SF)水平检测,采用描述流行病学分析方法进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对IDA发生影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共调查1624名孕妇,年龄21~43岁,平均(28.72±4.69)岁。文化程度以中专或高中为主,占50.00%。家庭年收入以8~19万元为主,占45.07%。初产妇占55.36%,检出孕期IDA 176例,发生率为10.84%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示孕妇年龄30~34、35~39、40~44岁(OR=4.998、10.455、7.745)、家庭年收入<8万元(OR=2.134)、孕中期及孕晚期(OR=1.728、4.315)、居住地为郊区(OR=3.027)、经产妇(OR=6.197)、流产次数1~2、≥3次(OR=2.139、12.203)、饮食习惯不正常(OR=2.055)、铁剂补充≤每周1次(OR=14.939)的孕妇发生IDA的风险较大,中专或高中以上文化程度(OR=0.277、0.570)孕妇发生IDA风险较小。结论株洲市孕妇IDA发生情况较为普遍,孕妇发生IDA可受年龄、孕周、文化程度、家庭经济、居住环境、流产、分娩史,孕期膳食结构及铁剂补充情况等诸多因素影响,需加强孕妇妊娠保健教育,保证母婴健康。

Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in pregnant women.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant women who first established fertility records in a hospital in Zhuzhou City from March 2019 to February 2020.Hemoglobin(Hb)and serum ferritin(SF)were detected.Descriptive epidemiological method was used for analysis,and univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the influencing factors of IDA.Results A total of 1624 pregnant women aged 21-43(mean,28.72±4.69)years were investigated.The proportion of the educational level of secondary specialized school or high school,the annual family income of 80-190 thousand yuan,and primipara were 50.00%,45.07%and 55.36%,respectively.176 cases of IDA were diagnosed,the incidence rate was 10.84%.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the pregnant women with 30-34 years old,35-39 years old and over 40 years old(OR=4.998,10.455,7.745),annual family income<80,000 yuan(OR=2.134),second and third trimesters of pregnancy(OR=1.728,4.315),live in the suburbs(OR=3.027),multipara(OR=6.197),abortion 1-2 and≥3 times(OR=2.139,12.203),incorrect eating habits(OR=2.055),iron supplementation≤1 time per week(OR=14.939)had a higher risk of IDA,and those with a secondary specialized school or high school education level(OR=0.277,0.570)had a lower risk of IDA.Conclusion IDA is common among pregnant women in Zhuzhou City,and it can be affected by many factors such as age,gestational age,education level,family income,living environment,abortion,delivery history,dietary structure and iron supplementation during pregnancy.It is necessary to strengthen pregnancy health education to ensure the maternal and child health.