廊坊市燕达养老社区老年人跌倒情况分析

Analysis of falls in the elderly in Yanda retirement community of Langfang City

目的探讨养老社区老年人群跌倒影响因素及预防对策。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取长期(在该社区生活≥6个月)生活在燕达养老社区中年龄≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查,调查内容为人口学特征、跌倒情况、既往史、个人生活习惯能否正确认识自己的能力、日常生活能力、照明、预防跌倒意识等,对该人群跌倒发生情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对跌倒影响因素进行分析。结果共纳入428名老年人,平均年龄(73.46±6.68)岁。跌倒发生率为24.53%(105/428)。年龄71~80、≥81岁(OR=1.573、1.880)、女性(OR=1.803)、未使用助行器(OR=2.483)、白内障(OR=3.709)、不能正确认识自己的能力(OR=1.546)、未进行规律体育锻炼(OR=5.226)、高血压(OR=3.445)、有跌倒相关慢性疾病(OR=4.101)、使用致跌倒相关药物(OR=1.765)、日常生活能力受损(OR=3.350)、照明差(OR=2.392)、无预防跌倒意识(OR=2.731)、喜欢穿拖鞋出门(OR=5.478)、喜欢饮酒(OR=2.483)者发生跌倒风险较大。结论燕达养老社区老年人群跌倒发生率较高,危险因素较多,仍需加强对老年人跌倒的预防干预。

Objective To explore the influencing factors and preventive countermeasures of the fall of the elderly population in Yanda retirement community in Langfang City.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select the elderly people aged over 60 years old living in Yanda retirement community for a long time(more than 6 months).The survey contents included demographic characteristics,occurrenc of fall,past history,personal living habits,whether they can correctly understand their own ability,activity of daily living,lighting,fall prevention awareness,etc.The incidence of falls was analyzed,and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.Results A total of 428 elderly people with an average age of(73.46±6.68)years were included.The incidence of falls was24.53%(105/428).71-80 years old(OR=1.573)and≥80 years old(OR=1.880),female(OR=1.803),no use of walker(OR=2.483),with cataract(OR=3.709),inability to correctly understand their own ability(OR=1.546),no regular physical exercise(OR=5.226),hypertension(OR=3.445),with fall-related chronic diseases(OR=4.101),use of fall-related drugs(OR=1.765),poor activity of daily living(OR=3.350),poor lighting(OR=2.392),no awareness of fall prevention(OR=2.731),like to go out in slippers(OR=5.478),and like drinking(OR=2.483)were independent risk factors of fallsinelderly.Conclusion The incidence ofalls in the elderly of Yanda retirement community is rela-tively high,and there are many risk factors.It is sill necessary to strengthen the prevention and intervention of flls in the elderly.