海南岛“两江一河”淡水土著鱼类的种类组成与分布现状

The species composition and distribution of indigenous freshwater fishes of three main rivers in Hainan Island

为了解海南岛“两江一河”土著鱼类的种类组成与分布现状,根据2016-2019年对海南岛“两江一河”的系统调查,统计和整理了海南岛主要河流的土著鱼类资源信息,研究结果显示:海南岛“两江一河”现有淡水土著鱼类5目18科96种,其中,鲤形目60种,占总种数62.50%;鲈形目21种,占总种数21.88%;鲇形目11种,占总种数11.46%;合鳃鱼目和颌针鱼目各2种,占总种数2.08%。与历史数据相比,海南岛鱼类物种多样性明显下降,土著鱼类缺失14种,其中特有鱼类4种。结果表明,海南岛土著鱼类生存状况较差,亟需加强栖息地保护、开展生态修复和涉鱼工程的专题论证与补偿,并对特有种类和濒危种类开展有效的保育遗传学研究。

Fish from three main rivers of Hainan island were systematically collected from 2016 to 2019 to investigate and analyse species composition and the distribution of indigenous fishes.A total of 96 indigenous fish species were collected represent five orders and 18 families,the orders represented were the Cypriniformes,Perciformes,Siluriformes,Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes,with 60(62.50%),21(21.88%),11(11.46%),2(2.08%),and 2(2.08%)species,respectively.Compared with historical data,a total of 14 indigenous fish were not found in this survey,including four endemic fish species.To protect the indigenous fish species,the habitat conservation,ecological restoration,demonstration and compensation of fish-related projects and conservation genetics studies of endangered and endemic species should be addressed.