生存的危机与精神的困惑--从原型批评理论看《双城记》与《太古和其他时间》

Survival Crisis and Mental Confusion

英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯与波兰作家奥尔加·托卡尔丘克在小说《双城记》(ATaleofTwo Cities)和《太古和其他时间》(PrawiekiInneCzasy)中创造性地使用了大量的古典文化原型。他们通过对这些古典原型进行灵活的艺术移位,使读者感受到了18世纪法国阶级社会的黑暗动荡和20世纪世界大战背景下波兰人民同一空间不同时间的生存危机,从而使作品有着深厚的文化底蕴与历史内涵。文章拟采用诺斯罗普·弗莱原型批评研究方法,比较分析两部作品中共有的古典文学原型,旨在使更多读者透过远古的丰富历史文化图景,捕捉并思考两部小说叙事文本下共同潜藏的人类精神困惑。

The British writer Charles Dickens and the Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk creatively used a large number of classical cultural archetypes in the novels of A Tale of Two Cities and Prawiek i Inne Czasy. Through the flexible artistic shift of these classical archetypes, they made their readers deeply feel the dark turmoil of the French society in the 18 th century and the survival crisis of the Polish people in the same space and different time under the background of the 20 th century world wars, which made their works have profound cultural and historical connotations. This paper intends to use Northrop Frye’s archetypal criticism method to compare and analyze the classical literature archetypes shared in the two works in order to make more readers capture and think about their mental confusion hidden in the narrative texts of the two novels through the rich historical and cultural images of ancient times.