11种生物菌肥对桂蕉9号枯萎病室内及田间防效评价

Control effect evaluations of eleven microbial fertilizers on banana fusarium wilt for Guijiao 9 indoor and in fields

【目的】评价11种生物菌肥对桂蕉9号香蕉植株生长发育及枯萎病防控效果的影响,为生物菌肥大面积推广应用提供参考,为香蕉枯萎病的综合防控提供科学依据。【方法】通过室内盆栽伤根淋菌接种法同时接种香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(FOC4)和施用不同种类的生物菌肥,接种60 d后测量并计算香蕉苗的叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和假茎粗度处理前后的变化值及香蕉球茎被病原菌侵染程度,评价生物菌肥室内对盆栽香蕉植株的促生和防病效果。大田采用随机区组设计,按不同生物菌肥田间推荐剂量施用,香蕉开始抽蕾后考察不同生物菌肥对香蕉植株抽蕾率及发病率的影响,评价大田施用生物菌肥对香蕉植株的促生和防病效果。【结果】盆栽条件下,PZ6有机肥、沃泰克有机肥、根妹妹有机肥和馕播王复合微生物肥处理后香蕉叶绿素含量(SPAD值)变化值均在7.10以上,香蕉植株假茎粗度变化值在30.68 mm以上,对香蕉植株有明显的促生作用;大田条件下,供试生物菌肥均对香蕉植株生长发育具有一定促进作用,对香蕉植株的促生作用整体呈生物有机肥>复合微生物菌肥>菌剂趋势,香蕉的抽蕾率均在11.29%以上,均高于对照(6.34%),尤其以绿农林复合微生物菌肥和PZ6有机肥2种生物有机肥的促生作用较强,抽蕾率分别达25.52%和21.65%,极显著高于对照(P<0.01,下同)。盆栽试验中,供试生物菌肥对香蕉枯萎病的防效表现为:NCD-2枯草芽孢杆菌(53.87%)>馕播王复合微生物肥(48.07%)>金满枝头全水溶性菌肥(43.12%)>益生元微生物菌肥(33.36%)>复合微生物肥(26.93%)>海朴海藻有机肥(24.31%)>PZ6有机肥(18.81%)>根妹妹有机肥(16.18%)>绿农林复合微生物菌肥(15.13%)>CK^+(FOC4),病情指数极显著低于CK+;而施用豆粕有机肥和沃泰克有机肥发病比CK+严重;大田试验中,供试生物菌肥对香蕉枯萎病均有一定的防治效果,对枯萎病的相对防效表现为:NCD-2枯草芽孢杆菌(72.48%)>PZ6有机肥(67.52%)>绿农林复合微生物菌肥(67.34%)>馕播王复合微生物肥(65.87%)>根妹妹有机肥(64.89%)>益生元微生物菌肥(64.38%)>海朴海藻有机肥(63.49%)>豆粕有机肥(63.28%)>金满枝头全水溶性菌肥(61.45%)>复合微生物肥(57.25%)>沃泰克有机肥(33.93%),发病率显著(P<0.05)或极显著低于对照。【结论】在种植桂蕉9号中抗品种条件下,NCD-2枯草芽孢杆菌、PZ6有机肥、绿农林复合微生物肥、馕播王复合微生物肥、根妹妹有机肥、益生元微生物菌肥、海朴海藻有机肥和金满枝头全水溶性菌肥等生物菌肥具有较好的促生及防治枯萎病潜力,值得进一步研究验证。

【Objective】The effects of 11 different microbial fertilizers on banana growth and controlling banana fusarium wilt were studied to provide references for their extension and application in large scales,as well as offer scientific basis for comprehensive control of banana fusarium wilt.【Method】By using the wounded-root inoculation method,the potted plants in indoor were inoculated with the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4(FOC4),and followed by treating with different kinds of microbial fertilizers.After treated for 60 d,the seedling chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of banana leaf,pseudostem diameter before and after treatment and the infection degree of banana bulbs by FOC4 were measured to evaluate the banana growth promoting and fusarium wilt controlling effects of microbial fertilizers indoor.In field,the trial used the randomized block design,and different microbial fertilizer treatments were used on banana by recommended application.The flowering rate and the incidence rate of banana in different treatments were investigated after flowering to evaluate the banana growth promoting and fusarium wilt controlling effects of microbial fertilizers in field.【Result】Under the condition of pot culture,the changes of chlorophyll content(SPAD value)in banana leaf treated with PZ6 microbial organic fertilizer(PZ6),Wotaike microbial organic fertilizer(WTK),Genmeimei microbial organic fertilizer(GMM)and Nangbowang microbial organic fertilizer(NBW)were all above 7.10,and the variation value of pseudostem diameter of banana plant was more than 30.68 mm,indicating that these treatments could promote banana growth obviously.Under the field conditions,the growth promoting effect of the tested microbial fertilizers on banana plants presented the trend of microbial organic fertilizer>compound micro-fertilizer>micro-inoculants.The banana flowering rates of all treatments were above 11.29%,which was higher than that of the control(6.34%).Of which,Lünonglin compound microbial fertilizer(LNL)and PZ6 showed fine growth promoting effects,the flowering rate being 25.52% and 21.65%,respectively,which were extremely higher than control(P<0.01,the same below).In the pot experiment,the control effects of micro-fertilizer on fusarium wilt were as follows:NCD-2 Bacillus subtilis inoculant(NCD-2)(53.87%)>NBW(48.07%)>Jinmanzhitou microbial fertilizer of water-solubility(JMZT)(43.12%)>Yishengyuan microbial fertilizer(YSY)(33.36%)>Compound microbial fertilizer(26.93%)>Haipu seaweed microbial organic fertilizer(HP)(24.31%)>PZ6(18.81%)>GMM(16.18%)>LNL(15.13%)>CK^+(FOC4),and their disease indexes were extremely lower than that of the CK+.While soybean meal microbial organic fertilizer(SM)and WTK presented more serious than CK+in occurrence of fusarium wilt.Furthermore,in the field experiment,all the tested micro-fertilizer treatments had control effects on banana fusarium wilt to a certain extent,and the relative control effects of them were as follows:NCD-2(72.48%)>PZ6(67.52%)>LNL(67.34%)>Nang bowang(65.87%)>GMM(64.89%)>YSY(64.38%)>HP(63.49%)>SM(63.28%)>JMZT(61.45%)>Compound micro-fertilizer(57.25%)>WTK(33.93%),and their incidence rates of fusarium wilt were significantly(P<0.05)or extremely lower than that of the control.【Conclusion】Under the condition of planting Guijiao 9 resistant to fusarium wilt moderately,these micro-fertilizers NCD-2,PZ6,LNL,NBW,GMM,YSY,HP,JMZT and so on,present a large potential on promoting the growth of banana,and preventing and controlling fusarium wilt,and are worth further testing.