种植密度对旱藕生理特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of planting densities on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of edible canna

【目的】探讨种植密度对旱藕农艺性状、生理特性、产量及品质的影响,为旱藕的高产高效栽培提供科学依据。【方法】以旱藕品种桂兴芋3号为试验材料,设0.90万、1.05万、1.20万、1.35万和1.50万株/ha 5个种植密度,测定不同生育期旱藕的农艺性状、生理指标、干物质含量及成熟期旱藕根茎的产量和品质。【结果】随着种植密度的增加,旱藕单株分蘖数、株高和茎径均逐渐减小,植株倒伏率逐渐增加;叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、还原糖及淀粉含量逐渐降低;叶片、茎秆及根茎的干物质积累量也逐渐降低。根茎的单株产量随着种植密度的增加逐渐降低,群体产量则先升高后降低,其中种植密度为1.05万株/ha的群体产量最高,达94100 kg/ha;根茎的含水率随着种植密度的增加逐渐增加,淀粉、可溶性糖、还原糖及可溶性蛋白质含量则逐渐降低。【结论】合理密植有利于提高旱藕产量,种植密度为1.05万株/ha时,旱藕根茎群体产量最高;种植密度过大则会影响旱藕生长发育,降低其产量和品质。

【Objective】The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of different planting densities on the agronomic traits,physiological characteristics,yield and quality of edible canna,and provide scientific basis for high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of edible canna.【Method】Canna variety Guixingyu 3 was used as experimental material,and five planting densities(9000,10500,12000,13500 and 15000 plant/ha)were set.The agronomic traits,physiological indexes and dry matter content of edible canna were measured at different stages,and the yield and quality of tubers were measured at maturity stage.【Result】The number of tillers per plant,plant height and stem diameter were decreased with the increase of planting densities,and the lodging rate was increased.With the increase of planting densities,the content of chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar,reducing sugar and starch in leaves decreased,the dry matter content of leaves,stems and tubers also decreased.The tuber yield per plant decreased,but the population yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting densities.Among them,the population yield with planting density of10500 plant/ha was the highest,which was 94100 kg/ha.Besides,with the increase of planting densities,the content of moisture in tuber increased,and the content of starch,soluble sugar,reducing sugar and soluble protein decreased.【Conclusion】Reasonable close planting is beneficial to increase yield of edible canna.When the planting density is 10500 plant/ha,the population yield of edible canna is the highest,but excessive planting density affects the growth of edible canna,and the yield and quality of edible canna will be decreased.