戏曲艺术在明代话本小说中的呈现

Xiqu in the Ming Huaben Novels

明代话本小说呈现了戏曲艺术的核心内容,小说生动描述了戏曲班社、戏曲演出、戏曲剧目。涉及的戏班有民间职业戏班、家班两类,职业戏班的形式为伶人搭班制,昆腔班占据主流;艺人饱受歧视,内心极度自卑;脚色分工明确,末、副末、生、旦、外、大净各有特长。演出方式有个人雇请演出、在戏楼营业演出、赛神庙会演出三种;受传统观念影响,作者对戏价的交代含糊;明代中后期,折子戏日趋流行。一些元南戏与杂剧、明杂剧与传奇作品,在当时广为流传。作者巧妙利用戏曲艺术彰显其创作意图,揭示人物个性,推动故事发展。

The huaben novels in Ming depicted the world of xiqu of the time,showing its troupes,performance,and plays.These novels revealed the types of xiqu troupes and their mechanism,the roles in a troupe,the low social status of the xiqu performers,three kinds of stages including personal,public,and ritual,the trendy plays and theatrical genres,but didn't give a clear account of the ticket prices.Xiqu played a significant part in these novels and contributed to their characterization and plot.