留守儿童中特殊群体的家庭教育缺失与精准帮扶——基于湖北省英县的实地调研

The Absence of Family Education and Targeted Help of Special Group of Left-behind Children——Based on Field Research in Yingxian County,Hubei Province

家庭是教育的起点,家庭教育在人的一生中起着至关重要的作用。基于湖北省英县的实地调研发现,父母离异、家庭特困、父母长期外出及回流形成的更加特殊的留守儿童家庭,在家庭学习监管、家庭教育资本、家校合作、家庭教育期望等方面存在差异化表现,导致留守儿童中特殊群体在学业表现、行为习惯和心理发展等方面处于弱势地位。在城镇化快速推进的背景下,留守儿童中特殊群体经历了家庭结构与家庭功能双重弱化,“大水漫灌”式帮扶难以有效满足留守儿童中特殊群体的需求,应精准识别留守儿童中特殊群体,分类实施留守儿童帮扶措施,有针对性地对留守儿童中特殊群体进行帮扶。

Family education is utmost important in one’s life as family is the starting point of education.Based on the field research in Yingxian County,Hubei Province,the study finds a more special group of left-behind children families,formed by parents’divorce,extreme family poverty,long-term absence of parents and backflow;their differentiated performance in terms of family learning supervision,family education capital,home-school cooperation,and family education expectation condemns the special group of left-behind children to a weak position in academic performance,behavioral habits,and psychological development.With the rapid advance of urbanization,the special group of left-behind children is experiencing dual weakening of family structure and family function.The“flood irrigation”type of help is difficult to effectively meet the needs of the special group of left-behind children.Therefore,the special group of left-behind children should be accurately identified,and assistance measures for left-behind children should be implemented according to their categories,so as to provide targeted assistance for the special group of left-behind children.