美国应对外空国际条约的做法简析

Analysis of typical US responses to outer space treaties

针对现行国际空间法存在的诸多漏洞和缺陷,国际空间大国积极利用这些漏洞寻求开展外空试验的依据,并规避法律的约束以发展外空武器装备,使得外空存在被武器化的风险,外空军备竞赛日益激烈。因此,研究并利用外空条约、关注空间大国开展外空试验的现实做法,可以为开展外空活动提供借鉴和依据。本文重点研究了美国海基反卫试验和轨道快车试验,从试验背景、目的、对外口径以及对外反应几个方面,综合对比分析了试验的现实做法,剖析了美国应对外空条约的做法,从技术上、政策上和法律上得出了如何应对的方法和途径。研究成果可为我国合理合法地开展外空行动提供借鉴,从而赢得国际社会的认可。

Considering the vulnerabilities and defects of current international space law,international space powers are actively using these defects to justify space experiment and develop their outer space weaponry beyond law constraints.These actions lead to the risk of weaponization of outer space,and an increasingly intense arms race in outer space.Thus,the research on and utilization of outer space treaties,and the focus on the actual practice of large space nations conducting outer space experiments,can provide references and basis for carrying out outer space activities.This paper mainly studies the Sea-based anti-satellite test and Orbital Express test of US in their test background,intention,diplomatic statement and responses.At last,the paper analyzes how the US responds to outer space treaties to summarize its approach from the aspects of technology,policy and law.The research results can provide references for reasonably and legally conducting outer space test,and win the recognition by the international community.