西藏“一江三河”流域越冬水鸟多样性

Species Diversity of Wintering Waterbirds Along Yarlung Zangbo River and Its Three Branches in Tibet

于2014-2018年冬季对西藏雅鲁藏布江中下游干流及支流---年楚河中下游、拉萨河中下游及尼洋河流域越冬水鸟进行观测和调查,共记录水鸟7目11科37种,占西藏鸟类总数的7.52%。区系组成以古北界物种为主,共28种(75.68%),广布物种8种(21.62%),东洋界物种仅有苍鹭(Ardea cinerea) 1种。居留型以冬候鸟为主,共25种(67.57%),留鸟12种(32.43%)。国家I级保护物种1种,即黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis);国家Ⅱ级保护物种4种,分别为灰鹤(Grus grus)、蓑羽鹤(Anthropoides virgo)、凤头麦鸡(Vanellus vanellus)和凤头■(Podiceps cristatus);易危物种有黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)和红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina);近危物种有白眼潜鸭(Aythya nyroca)、凤头麦鸡(Vanellus vanellus)和斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)。近5 a物种数持续上升(F=9.818,P=0.048),尤其是雁鸭类(F=36.75,P=0.009);但种群数量在2018年呈回降趋势(F=2.959,P=0.184)。研究区越冬水鸟存在的主要威胁包括流浪动物的捕食、人为干扰、传统农业向现代化转变的冲击和旅游业开发的影响;对鸟类保护提出一些建议和意见,以加强研究区越冬水鸟栖息地和觅食地的系统性保护。

This study was carried out along the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries of Nianchu River,Lhasa River and the Niyang River during wintering seasons of 2014 to 2018,as in total,37 species of waterbirds were recorded and they were belonging to 7 orders and 11 families,which accounted for 7.52%of total species of birds in Tibet.The avifauna was mainly conducted by the Palaearctic species and there were 28 species of birds in total(75.68%),8 species of birds were belonging to the Cosmopolitan(21.62%),and there was Only the Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea)attribute to the Oriental realm species.There were 25 species of winter visitors(67.57%),and only 12 species of resident birds(32.43%).Only 1 species,black necked crane(Grus nigricollis)was the classⅠnational key protected bird in this study.There were 4 species of classⅡnational protected birds species—common crane(Grus grus),demoiselle(Anthropoides virgo),northern lapwing(Vanellus vanellus)and great crested grebe(Podiceps cristatus);The vulnerable species are the black necked crane(Grus nigricollis)and the common pochard(Aythya ferina).The endangered species include the ferruginous duck(Aythya nyroca),northern lapwing(Vanellus vanellus)and eastern spot-billed duck(Anas poecilorhyncha).During the recent five years,the number of species was continuously increasing(F=9.818,P=0.048),especially with the order of Anseriformes(F=36.75,P=0.009);Population of wintering waterbirds showed a trend of decline in 2018(F=2.959,P=0.184).The major existing threats could be preyed by stray animals,and human disturbance,changes in agricultural practices and the impact of tourism development.According to the existing threat factors and the current situation of wintering waterbird resources,so as some suggestions are put forward for bird protection in this area;to strengthen the systematic research on the habitat and foraging grounds of wintering waterbirds.