颗粒细胞凋亡调控机制及其在卵泡发育中的作用

Regulation mechanisms of granulosa cells apoptosis and its role in follicular development

颗粒细胞(granulosa cells,GCs)与卵细胞在组织结构以及功能上有着密切联系。颗粒细胞环绕卵细胞形成卵泡结构,调控卵泡的发生、发育、成熟和闭锁,其形态和功能改变也是卵泡发育阶段的重要分期标志。其中,颗粒细胞的凋亡直接影响卵细胞发育,进而影响女性生殖功能。颗粒细胞的凋亡受到激素、细胞因子等种因素的调控,涉及多个信号通路的改变。本文着眼于卵泡发育过程中出现的颗粒细胞凋亡现象,总结颗粒细胞凋亡所涉及的信号通路,以及颗粒细胞凋亡对卵细胞发育及女性生殖功能的影响。

Granulosa cells(GCs)and oocytes are closely related with each other in structure and function.GCs surround the oocytes to form follicular,regulating the occurrence,development,maturation,and atresia of follicles.The changes of GCs morphology and function are also the starting of each developmental stage of follicles.The apoptosis of GCs directly affects the fate of oocytes and further determines the female reproductive function.Apoptosis of GCs is regulated by various factors including hormones,cytokines,etc.and involves changes of multiple signaling pathways.This article summarizes the signaling pathways involved in GCs apoptosis during follicular development and the role of GCs apoptosis in the development of oocytes and reproductive function of female.