“自我意识”的形而下意义:马克思博士论文的灵魂

Physical Meaning of Self-awareness:The Soul of Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation

“自我意识”是马克思博士论文的核心概念,马克思在分析德谟克利特和伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学的差别中阐明了“自我意识”哲学。马克思在以盛赞口吻分析伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学的过程中看到了“自我意识”形而上和形而下双重之含义,而“自我意识”的形而下意义是博士论文的灵魂。马克思以原子论隐喻自我意识哲学,原子现实性的展开就是“自我意识”的实现,这一过程同时也是“自我意识”从形而上的意义走向形而下的过程。马克思在博士论文中强调原子偏斜运动是对“自我意识”形而下意义的揭示,而原子的质和作为元素即基质的原子本身是对“自我意识”形而下意义的展开。时间作为自然界的主动形式彰显了感官是现象世界唯一标准的哲学原则,而形而下的“自我意识”在天象中因反对所有的神而获得了绝对性和自由。尽管形而下意义上的“自我意识”非定在中的自由,但看到了问题所在往往比解决问题更为重要。马克思博士论文时期的思想历练为其后来逐渐开展的哲学革命和政治经济学批判奠定了基础和提供了前提。

Self-consciousness is the core conception in Marx’s doctoral dissertation.Marx has clarified philosophy of self-consciousness in analyzing the differences between Democritusand Epicurus’natural philosophy.Marx observes the metaphysical and physical meaning of self-awareness in his analysis of Demokritos and Epicurus’natural philosophy,and the physical meaning of self-awareness is the soul in his doctoral dissertation.Marx uses Atomism as a metaphor to demonstrate the philosophy of self-consciousness.The development of atomism is the realization of self-consciousness,and this is also the process of self-consciousness from metaphysical meaning to the physical meaning.In his doctoral dissertation,Marx emphasizes that the atomic motion reveals the physical meaning of self-consciousness,and atom as substance unfold the physical meaning of self-consciousness.As an active form of nature,Time reveals the philosophical principle that sense is the only standard in phenomenal world,meanwhile the physical meaning of self-awareness gaining absolute freedom in opposing all gods.Although physical meaning of self-awareness is not originated in phenomenal world,seeing the problem is more important than solving it.Marx’s ideological experience in this period has laid a foundation for his future research,especially for the philosophical revolution and political economy criticism.