中秋节起源及形成时间研究综述

Research Summary on the Origin and Formation Time of the Mid-Autumn Festival

关于中秋节的起源,主要有以下观点:起源于上古时期的月崇拜和祭月礼俗;起源于月亮神话或传说;起源于秋报遗俗和秋祀祭月(月亮崇拜)活动;起源于楚文化或与楚文化有关;起源于唐玄宗诞辰千秋节和唐代道教观念的兴盛;是多种因素综合作用下的结果;从新罗引进;由唐宋时期文人玩月赏月活动而来。关于中秋节形成时间,主要有唐代说、宋代说、唐宋之间三种观点。文章认为:中秋节起源的首要因子是月亮崇拜和祭月习俗,其时间从秋分逐渐固定在中秋八月十五,这其中又有秋祀秋报庆丰收服务于农时的需要;后来月亮神话和传说的加入则让中秋节有了团圆的意义;从而使中秋从祭月到赏月有了广泛的社会基础,并终于形成影响深远的民俗节日。应该把中秋节的产生看做一个过程:先秦—汉代:萌芽期;魏晋—唐代:定型期;宋代—明清:重塑期。

The origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival can be found in the following views:it originated from the worship of the moon and the rites of offering sacrifices to the moon;it originated from the myths or legends of the moon;it originated from Chu culture or related to Chu culture;it originated from the birthday of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty and the prosperity of Taoist ideas in Tang Dynasty which is the result of synthetic action among a variety of factors;it was introduced from Silla;it originated from the practice of admiring and enjoying the moon among literati in Song and Tang Dynasty.There are three principal views regarding its time of formation:in Tang Dynasty,in Song Dynasty and between Tang and Song dynasties.This dissertation holds that the primary factor in the emergence of Mid Autumn Festival is the worship to the moon and the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon.The time of the festival is gradually changed from autumn equinox and eventually fixed on the 15th day of August;Later,the moon mythologies and legends were added thus giving the meaning of reunion,and setting up the social basis for the Mid Autumn Festival from offering sacrifices to appreciating the moon,and finally forming a far-reaching national festival.The emergence of the Mid Autumn Festival should be seen as a process.Since pre-Qin to Han Dynasty-sprouting period;From Wei Jin period to Tang Dynasty-formation period;From Song Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties-remodeling period.