区域环境与生计选择:明清至民国时期长江上游地区渔民生活研究

Regional Environment and Livelihood Choice:A Study on Fishermen's Society in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China

明清至民国时期长江上游地区的渔民群体呈现大分散、小集中的分布状态。渔民的经济活动以捕鱼为主业,兼业其它。在常规生产过程中有着家庭内部的劳动分工与合作,渔业活动体现着较强的家族性质。同时在必要时候也有渔民群体之间的合作与互助。长江上游渔民生活带有浓厚的以水为生的特点:渔民居住以船为舍,饮食上多有嗜酒的习惯,鱼是主要的菜品,水中的青苔、海菜花等水生植物是日常所食的蔬菜。由于常年的水上作业,渔民的外表体征也有一定的特点。

During the period from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China,the fisher⁃men in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River lived in a state with a large dispersion and small con⁃centration.The economic activities of professional fishermen were mainly fishing.In the routine pro⁃duction process,there was a division of labor and cooperation within the family,in which the produc⁃tion of fishermen reflected a strong family nature.Meanwhile,there were also cooperation and mutual assistance between groups when necessary.The life of fishermen living in upper reaches was closely related to water.They lived in boats and have the habit of alcoholism.In terms of the diet,fish was regarded as the main dish and aquatic plants such as moss in the water were vegetables.Due to the years of water operations,the fishermen's appearance signs also had certain characteristics.