江西省国家级自动气象站运行效能评估

Operational effectiveness evaluation of national automatic weather station in Jiangxi province

随着我国气象现代化建设迅速发展,自动气象站在预报预测服务中发挥着积极作用。基于综合气象观测系统运行监控平台(ASOM)提出了国家级自动气象站运行效能评估方法,通过数据到报率和可用性指标实现对自动气象站业务运行可靠性定量评估。以2019年为例,评估了江西省国家级自动气象站运行效能,研究结果表明,93套国家级自动气象站数据到报率达99.99%以上,系统运行稳定,可用性达99.94%以上,数据可靠。观测要素不全时次与可用性具有相关性特征,相关系数达0.997。自动气象站故障高发的部件主要是传感器,尤其以地温、温湿传感器发生故障的频次最多。江西省国家级自动气象站总体效能较好,在气象预报服务和研究中具有明显优势,同时此评估方法可为其他设备运行效能评估提供借鉴和参考。

With the rapid development of Chinese meteorological modernization,automatic weather stations play an active role in weather forecasting.The operational effectiveness evaluation method of national automatic weather station was raised based on the atmospheric observing system operation monitoring system.And the operational reliability of automatic weather station was quantitatively evaluated by using data reporting rate and availability index.The operational effectiveness ofnational automatic meteorological station is evaluatedin 2019.Theresults showed that the coverage rate of 93 automatic weather stationsreached 99.99%,the system running stabely.Andthe availability of were more than 99.94%,the data being reliable.The incomplete time of the observed elements is correlated with the data availability,and the correlation coefficient reached 0.997.The components of automatic weather stations with high fault frequency were resensors,especially the ground temperature sensor and temperature-humidity sensor.Theoperational effectiveness of automatic weather station is good in Jiangxi Province.It has obvious advantages in weather forecasting service and research.Meanwhile,this evaluation method can provide reference forthe operational effectiveness evaluation of other equipments.