产业集群中企业间的距离与知识共享意愿关系研究

Research on the Relationship Between Distance Between Enterprisesand Willingness to Share Knowledge in Industrial Clusters

知识共享是产业集群发挥作用的重要机制之一,知识共享对提升企业的竞争优势具有重要作用。通过对文献资料的分析可知,影响集群内企业间知识共享意愿的因素有很多,在分析前人研究的基础上选取了水平距离、时间距离、心理距离这3个因素,探讨它们对集群内企业间的知识共享意愿的影响。通过对芜湖市典型的产业集群——机器人产业集群、汽车产业集群的调查探讨水平距离、时间距离、心理距离与企业间的知识共享意愿这4个变量之间的关系,同时引入跨企业团队模式这一中介变量,探讨这一模式在水平距离、时间距离、心理距离和企业间的知识共享意愿之间的作用。研究发现,水平距离与企业间的知识共享意愿有着显著的负相关关系,地理位置越近,企业间的知识共享意愿越高;时间距离与企业间的知识共享意愿呈正相关关系;心理距离与企业间的知识共享意愿呈正相关关系,企业间在企业文化、发展规模、价值观等方面的相似程度越高,企业间的共享意愿越强。研究结果也表明了跨企业团队这一变量能够在水平距离、时间距离、心理距离和企业间的知识共享意愿之间起到中介作用。

Knowledge sharing is one of the important mechanisms of industrial clusters,and knowledge sharing plays an important role in enhancing the competitive advantage of enterprises.Through the analysis of literature,it is found that there are many factors affecting the willingness of knowledge sharing among enterprises in the cluster.Based on the analysis of previous studies,this paper selects three factors:horizontal distance,time distance and psychological distance to explore their influence on the willingness of knowledge sharing among enterprises in the cluster.The investigation of a typical industrial cluster-robot industry cluster,the automobile industry cluster,was conducted to explore the relationship between horizontal distance,time distance,psychological distance and knowledge sharing willingness among enterprises,with the intermediary variable of cross-enterprise team model introduced to explore the role of this model between horizontal distance,time distance,psychological distance and knowledge sharing willingness among enterprises.It is found that the horizontal distance has a significant negative correlation with the willingness of knowledge sharing among enterprises,the closer the geographical location,the higher the willingness of knowledge sharing among enterprises.There exists a positive correlation between the time distance and the willingness of knowledge sharing among enterprises,and between the psychological distance and the willingness of knowledge sharing among enterprises.The higher the degree of similarity between enterprises in corporate culture,development scale,values,etc.The more willingness for enterprises in knowledge sharing.The results also show that the variable of cross-enterprise team can play an intermediary role between horizontal distance,time distance,psychological distance and knowledge sharing willingness among enterprises.