风险泛在语境下间接危险犯的扩张逻辑与教义限缩——以信息散布型网络犯罪为视角

The Expansion Logic and Doctrine Limitation of Indirect Dangerous Crime in the Context of Ubiquitous Risk

因应信息网络空间风险泛在化趋势,风险社会理论及其映射的早期预防、前置处罚的风险治理思维不断向刑法渗透,形成一套以风险控制为核心,以风险预防代替自由保障、以风险分配代替结果归责的风险刑法体系,导致以发生在预备时段的危险作为处罚对象的间接危险犯大幅扩张,信息散布型网络犯罪是其典型应用场域。间接危险犯消解了法益的立法批判与解释规制机能,潜藏着恣意发动刑罚权的危机,造成法益保护抽象化与处罚范围扩大化,体现出鲜明的预防刑法立场与功能主义处罚倾向。辩证反思风险治理思维将社会风险与刑法危险混同的缺陷,应采取综合考虑预备行为本身的危险性和所预设的实行行为的危险性的“双重法益侵害危险说”修正间接危险犯的认定原理与适用标准,从规范升级、法益威胁、主观认知三个维度创设社会风险转化为刑法危险的进阶路径,从而确定将某一预备行为提升为实行行为作为间接危险犯予以处罚的边界,坚守刑法保障公民权利自由与维护网络安全秩序之平衡的价值取向。

In response to the trend of ubiquitous risk in space information network,risk social theory and its mapping of early prevention,pre-penalty risk management thinking continue to infiltrate into the criminal law,forming a set of risk criminal law system with risk control as the core,risk prevention instead of free security,risk distribution instead of result imputation,which leads to a large expansion of indirect dangerous criminals who take the risk in the preparatory period as the object of punishment,and information dissemination network crime is its typical application field.Indirect dangerous criminal dispels the legislative criticism of legal interest and explained the regulation function,lurks the crisis of unleashing penalty right arbitrarily,which results in the abstraction of legal interest protection and the expansion of the scope of punishment and embodies the distinct position of prevention criminal law and the trend of functionalism.Dialectical reflection on the defects of risk management thinking which combines risk society and criminal law risk,we should adopt the“double legal interest infringement danger theory”which takes into account the danger of the preparatory behavior itself and the presupposition of the behavior,modify indirect principle and standard of dangerous crimes.From the three dimensions of standard upgrading,legal threat and subjective cognition,the advanced path of transforming social risk into criminal law danger is created,so as to determine the boundary of punishing a certain preparatory behavior as an indirect dangerous crime,and adhere to the value orientation of the balance between the protection of civil rights and the maintenance of network security order.