认罪认罚从宽制度被害人“阻却权”问题研究

A Study on the Victim’s“Obstruction Right”in the System of Leniency of Confession and Punishment

囿于我国司法实践中“案多人少”的压力过于沉重以及被害人与司法机关这对异质性个体的利益一体化的固化思维方式,导致在理论和实务中认罪认罚从宽案件的被害人权益保障机制的缺位,忽略被害人权利保障必然导致对被告人不合理地从宽处理,其做法背离了“化解纠纷”的刑事诉讼本质目标,必然滋生出更多社会问题。由此,赋予被害人强大的“阻却权”,并辅之以配套的第三方“调评机制”,在弥补立法设计的漏洞和歧义的同时能更好地保障被害人“阻却权”的适用权能和正义权能,以求平衡好认罪认罚从宽制度适用过程中的各方利益。

Due to the heavy pressure of“more cases and fewer people”in China’s judicial practice and the solidified thinking mode of integrating the interests of the victims and judicial organs,which are heterogeneous individuals,lead to the absence of the protection mechanism of the victims’rights and interests in the cases of pleading guilty and lenient punishment in theory and practice,and neglecting the protection of the rights of the victims will inevitably lead to the unreasonable leniency of the defendants.It deviates from the essential goal of“resolving disputes”,which will inevitably lead to more social problems.Therefore,giving the victims a strong“right to block”and supplemented by a supporting third-party“evaluation mechanism”can make up for the loopholes and ambiguities in the legislative design,and at the same time better protect the application and justice power of the victim’s“right of obstruction”,so as to balance the interests of all parties in the application of the lenient system of confession and punishment.