顺应论视域下《离骚》中文化负载词的英译研究

The English Translation of Culture-loaded Vocabulary in Lisao from the Perspective of Adaptation Theory

Jef Verschueren的语言顺应论认为,语言的使用要顺应不同的环境和交际对象。同理,译文语言的选择亦要顺应不同的语境和原文的语言结构。《离骚》是一首自传性质的抒情长诗,翻译难点在于其“语言晦涩、句式参差、修辞灵活、托物言志”,译者可依据顺应语言结构、语言语境、交际语境和文化语境的原则进行目的语的重构。结合奈达的文化负载词分类和魏晓红的文化语境论,表层文化语境词汇宜采用直译法、音译加注法和意译法,深层文化语境宜使用意译法、创译法和增译法。

In light of adaptation theory,proposed by Jef Verschueren,the use of language should adapt to various contexts and communicators.Similarly,in translation,the selection of the target language should adapt to different language context and language structure of the original.Lisao is an autobiographical and lyric long poem,and the difficulties of its translation lie in“obscure language,asymmetric structure,flexible rhetorical devices,and the expression of emotions through describing concrete objects”.Therefore,translators can reconstruct the target language based on the adaptation of the language structure,the language context,the communicative context and the cultural context.Based on the combination of the classification of culture-loaded vocabulary put forwarded by Nida and the cultural context theory raised by Wei Xiaohong,it is suggested that literal translation,transliteration plus annotation and free translation be applied in translating shallow-meaning cultural context vocabulary,while free translation,creative translation and amplification be properly used in translating deep-meaning cultural context vocabulary.