浙江省纺织工业水足迹核算与评价

Calculation and assessment of water footprint of textile industry in Zhejiang Province

为量化与评价浙江省纺织工业水资源消耗和废水排放的环境负荷,基于水足迹理论,核算了2008-2017年浙江省纺织工业的蓝水足迹、灰水足迹、水短缺足迹和水体富营养化足迹,分析讨论了浙江省纺织工业4种水足迹的时间序列情景和影响因素。结果发现:2008-2017年,浙江省纺织工业的4种水足迹整体均呈下降趋势,其中水体富营养化足迹下降最大,约下降70.56%,灰水足迹次之,约下降70.40%;年均水体富营养化足迹为2.80×10^6 kg PO4^3-eq,主要源自废水中的氨氮和COD,其中氨氮造成的水体富营养化足迹略高于COD;子行业中,纺织业对水资源环境的影响远大于纺织服装服饰业和化学纤维制造业,年均约占纺织工业总体蓝水足迹的95.18%、灰水足迹的96.48%、水短缺足迹的95.19%、水体富营养化足迹的95.89%。表明相关政策的实施、纺织企业的转型以及节水减排技术的进步都取得一定成效,但纺织业依然是节水减排的重点关注行业,减少废水中氨氮和COD可有效降低纺织工业的环境负荷。

In order to quantify and evaluate the environmental load brought by water resource consumption and wastewater discharge in Zhejiang′s textile industry, the blue water footprint, grey water footprint, water shortage footprint and water eutrophication footprint of Zhejiang′s textile industry from 2008 to 2017 were calculated based on water footprint theory. The time series scenarios and influencing factors of four water footprints of Zhejiang′s textile industry were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the four kinds of water footprints of Zhejiang′s textile industry decreased from 2008 to 2017, among which the water eutrophication footprint decreased most by about 70.56%, followed by grey water footprint, down about 70.40%. The average annual water eutrophication footprint was 2.80×10^6 kg PO4^3-eq, mainly caused by ammonia nitrogen and COD in discharged wastewater. The water eutrophication footprint caused by ammonia nitrogen was slightly higher than that caused by COD. In sub-industries, the impact of textile manufacture sector on water resource environment was much severer than that of clothing manufacture sector and chemical fiber manufacture sector. The textile manufacture sector accounted for 95.18% of the total blue water footprint, 96.48% of the total grey water footprint, 95.19% of the total water shortage footprint and 95.89% of the total water eutrophication footprint in Zhejiang′s textile industry. The results indicate that the implementation of relevant policies, the transformation of textile enterprises and the progress of water-saving and emission reduction technologies have achieved certain results. However, the textile industry is still the focus of water saving and emission reduction. Reducing ammonia nitrogen and COD in wastewater can effectively lower the environmental load of the textile industry.