现代中国革命文学发生期“写实”的限度——以作家叶圣陶小说创作为例

Limit of “Realism” in the Period of the Occurrence of Modern Chinese Revolutionary Literature——Taking Ye Shengtao’s Novel Creation as an Example

从现代中国革命文学的发生考察,五四作家的创作实践应该不限于已有现代中国文学史的分类和定位,叶圣陶就是一个典型的案例。他的小说创作一方面对传统的现实主义创作方法有天然的接续,另一方面从开始就表现出改造现实主义的某些特质的诉求。叶圣陶小说创作不是致力于普遍事实的主题思想、宏大叙事的传达,而是体味把脉自己最熟悉的生活细节、最了解的人物心理,在娓娓道来的叙述中还原历史变迁与人物命运的纠缠,表现普通人的观察与时代社会的密切联系,可以触摸到有体温的人生感知。叶圣陶做人的"真诚"与小说创作信奉的"冷静""客观"的写实,既为五四新文学现实主义创作作出了自己的诠释,又为现代中国革命文学最初的实践提供了完整而丰满的来去路径。

Based on the investigation into the occurrence of modern Chinese revolutionary literature, the practice of creation of the May 4 th writers should not be limited to the classification and positioning of the existing history of modern Chinese literature. Ye Shengtao is a typical case. On the one hand, his novel creation has a natural succession to the traditional realistic creation method, and on the other, it shows the demand for some characteristics of reforming realism at the beginning of his creation. Ye Shengtao’s novel creation is not devoted to the theme of general facts and transmission of grand narration, but to the tasting and feeling of his most familiar details of life and most familiar psychology of the characters, to the restoration of the entanglement between historical changes and the fate of the characters in his pleasant and natural narration, and to showing the close relationship between the observation of ordinary people and the society of the times so that the perception of life could be touched with body temperature. Ye Shengtao’s "sincerity" as a man and the "calm" and "objective" realism believed in in his novel creation not only make his own interpretation of the realism creation of the May 4 th new literature, but also provide a complete and full way for the initial practice of modern Chinese revolutionary literature.